Earth Science Prologue Mr. H. Clark Bethpage High School

Earth Science Prologue What is Earth Science? Measurements Observations and Inferences Scientific Notation Percent Deviation Problems Types of Graphs Density

What is Earth Science? Earth Science includes Geology Astronomy Meteorology Oceanography

Measurements: Basic Metric Units SI Basic Units Meter Gram Liter Second Degree Kelvin / Degree Celsius

Measurements: Other Metric Units Derived Units Area square meter m2 Volume cubic meter m3 Speed meter per second m/s Acceleration meter per second squared  m/s2 Density kilogram per cubic meter kg/m3

Measurements: Other Metric Units Derived Units Frequency hertz Hz   s-1 Force newton N   m·kg·s-2 Pressure pascal Pa N/m2 m-1·kg·s-2 Energy  joule J N·m m2·kg·s-2 Power watt W J/s m2·kg·s-3

Measurements: Metric Prefixes Factor Name  Symbol 1024 yotta- Y 1021 zetta- Z 1018 exa- E 1015 peta- P 1012 tera- T 109 giga- G 106 mega- M 103 kilo- k 102 hecto- h 101 deka- da  Factor Name  Symbol 10-1 deci- d 10-2 centi- c 10-3 milli m 10-6 micro- µ 10-9 nano- n 10-12 pico- p 10-15 femto f 10-18 atto- a 10-21 zepto- z 10-24 yocto- y

Observations and Inferences An observation is information you take in with your senses. Observation: You are 167 cm tall. An inference is information you determine from observations. Inference: Your teacher is older than his students.

Scientific Notation Scientific Notation Write 27,508 in scientific notation. Change the decimal point so that the number is in between zero and ten 27508. becomes 2.7508 Since you moved the decimal 4 places to the left it becomes 2.7508 X 104

Percent Deviation Percent Deviation Problems Step 1 Write the formula: %deviation = difference from accepted value X100 accepted value Step 2 Substitute the values: If a student measured a mass to be 8 grams, and the accepted value is 10 grams. % deviation = 10g - 8 g / 10 g x 100 = 2 g / 10 g X 100 Step 3 Solve: % deviation = 20%

Earth Science Reference Tables

Graphs Line graphs Direct Relationship Direct Relationship Inverse Relationship Independent Relationship Cyclical Relationship Direct Relationship

Graphs Line graphs Inverse Relationship Inverse Relationship Direct Relationship Inverse Relationship Independent Relationship Cyclical Relationship Inverse Relationship

Graphs Line graphs Independent Relationship Independent Relationship Direct Relationship Inverse Relationship Independent Relationship Cyclical Relationship Independent Relationship

Graphs Line graphs Cyclical Relationship Cyclical Relationship Direct Relationship Inverse Relationship Independent Relationship Cyclical Relationship Cyclical Relationship

Earth Science Prologue Density is mass per unit volume. Formula: D = M V

Earth Science Prologue Problem: If an of that has a mass of 10 grams and a volume of 5 cm3, what is the density? Formula: D = M/V Substitution: D = 10g / 5 cm3 Solve: D = 2 g/ cm3

Density and Floatation If the object is more dense than the liquid it sinks in the liquid. If the object is the same density as the liquid it stays suspended in the liquid. If the object is less dense than the liquid it floats in the liquid.

Density graphs