The United Nations organization adopted the definition of the American robot standardization association about the robot, "It is a programmable and multifunctional manipulator,which is used for moving materials, parts and tools, or the special system that can change and be programmed action for performing different tasks.

Control part Drive system Mechanical structure system Feel system Robot- environment interactive system Control system Human- computer interaction system Basic component Mechanical part Sensing part

Year 1920 Year 1954 The Czechoslovakia writer Karel Capek (1890 — 1938) first referred to the word "robot" in his science fiction novel--ROM. Sam's robot universal company. Americans George D.E Wal-mart produced the first programmable robots, and registered patent. This manipulator can do different jobs according to different programs with the versatility and flexibility. The United States company named AMF produced "VERSTRAN" which meant everything in handling, as well as Unimate produced by Company Unimation being the real commercial of industrial robots. Kato Ichiro's laboratory from Waseda University developed the first robot with feet walking. Kato ichiro devoted himself into researching of the humanoid robot, and was known as "the father of humanoid robot". Year 1962 Year 1969 Year 1978 Year 1998 Year 2006 The United States company named Unimation launched the general industrial robot PUMA, which marked the fully mature of the industrial robot technology. PUMA still works in the factory forefront. Denmark Lego launched the robot (Mind-storms) package, which let the manufacture of robot be as simple as blocks building,and made robots begin walking into personal world. In June, Microsoft launched Microsoft Robotics Studio, Bill Gates predicted, household robots would sweep all over the world soon.

RReduce labor costs IImprove productivity IImprove product quality IIncrease the flexibility of manufacturing process RReduce material waste CControl and accelerate inventory turnover RReduce production cost EEliminate dangerous and atrocious working post

If a mechanical failure or software glitch （小故障） should ever cause a driverless truck to collide with a car, who would be legally responsible—the truck company, the manufacturer, the systems engineer? (Under today’s product-liability law( 产品责任法 ), the motorist would doubtless get off scot-free, even if the accident was his fault.) But once sensor data of medical robots can be used to tell people with serious diseases what to do and what not to do, the potential for abuse can become real. The benefits of such patient-monitoring in the home may be that the individual wanders around less, suffers less incontinence （失禁） and sleeps better. But can even the most responsible of families and carers be trusted to supervise such technology day in and day out （夜以继日） for years on end, to stop accidents happening? The answer may be not more technology, but better social engineering. For sure, people have barely begun to think about such issues.

1 、 A robot may not injure a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm. 2 、 A robot must obey orders given by human beings except where such orders would conflict with the First Law. 3 、 A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with the First or Second Law.

Text translation By Wang Xichun Text verify By Meng Da Information Search By Wang Zhuang Power Point production By Gao Zhimin Honorary product By 111 ＆ 106 THE END