Sustainable Energy Systems Engineering Peter Gevorkian Ch 4: Energy Conservation Brevard Community College ETP1401 Bruce Hesher

General Energy Saving Measures p101 See Home Energy Conservation Tips handout from day 1 (posted on Angel). Home Energy Conservation TipsHome Energy Conservation Tips See FSECs zero energy home in Lakeland: ergy/lakeland/index.htm ergy/lakeland/index.htm Recycling is also a good thing. See

Power Factor Correction p106 Electrical loads that are not purely resistive, have a load impedance that is at a phase angle. They do NOT consume more energy because of it. They do however cause more current to be cycled back and forth between the power source and the load thereby causing greater losses in the system. Electrical loads that are not purely resistive, have a load impedance that is at a phase angle. They do NOT consume more energy because of it. They do however cause more current to be cycled back and forth between the power source and the load thereby causing greater losses in the system. When the load is inductive (motors), the current in the circuit will lag the voltage.

Apparent Power Work is done by the Real Power (Watts) but, the power source and load cycle some power back and forth. This is the Reactive Power (VAR). The power supply and wiring must be large enough for the resulting Apparent Power (VA). This large amount of energy transfer between the source and load causes larger energy consumption. Work is done by the Real Power (Watts) but, the power source and load cycle some power back and forth. This is the Reactive Power (VAR). The power supply and wiring must be large enough for the resulting Apparent Power (VA). This large amount of energy transfer between the source and load causes larger energy consumption. note: This is why UPSs are rated in VA not Watts. The Power Factor (PF) is the ratio of W/VA or the cosine of the phase angle. The Power Factor (PF) is the ratio of W/VA or the cosine of the phase angle.

Reducing Power Factor Losses If a capacitor with a reactance equal to the reactance of the inductive load (motor) is place in parallel with the load the net reactance is 0! Calculating the size of the capacitor is left to other courses or the manufacturer of the motorized equipment. This topic is covered in EETC1025. If a capacitor with a reactance equal to the reactance of the inductive load (motor) is place in parallel with the load the net reactance is 0! Calculating the size of the capacitor is left to other courses or the manufacturer of the motorized equipment. This topic is covered in EETC1025. If the losses due to the energy cycled back and forth are reduced, smaller gauge wire can be used, less heat is created, equipment can last longer, and energy is saved. If the losses due to the energy cycled back and forth are reduced, smaller gauge wire can be used, less heat is created, equipment can last longer, and energy is saved. Power Factor Correction is typically only done when there are a lot of inductive loads. Power Factor Correction is typically only done when there are a lot of inductive loads.

Power Generation and Distribution Efficiency p106 Only 20-25% of the energy that goes into an electrical generation plant reaches end users! The main losses are: efficiency of the generation equipment and transmission losses. Only 20-25% of the energy that goes into an electrical generation plant reaches end users! The main losses are: efficiency of the generation equipment and transmission losses. Distributed generation significantly reduces these losses: sunlight is an almost unlimited and renewable energy resource conversion efficiency is less of a factor than equipment cost. Also distribution losses are reduced. Distributed generation significantly reduces these losses: sunlight is an almost unlimited and renewable energy resource conversion efficiency is less of a factor than equipment cost. Also distribution losses are reduced. The BCC course EET1551 “Distributed Electrical Power Generation and Storage” covers “Smart Grid” technologies.Smart Grid

Computerized Lighting Control p108 Accomplished by such devices as: switches, dimmers, timers, occupancy sensors, etc. If a “Smart Building” does not detect any one in the building it can turn the lights off. Air handling, heating and cooling can also be adjusted to meet varying needs. For example; a smart building can save energy on weekends by reducing A/C and heating. See and technology. These topics are covered in EETC1151 “Distributed Electrical Power Generating and Storage” See Smart Grid and Smart Home technology. These topics are covered in EETC1151 “Distributed Electrical Power Generating and Storage”Smart GridSmart Home

Triac Dimmer By cutting off the flow of power for part of the 60Hz 360° cycle power is saved. Works for lights and ceiling fans. Not tested with CFLs. Has the common trade-off of saving electricity but with higher up front equipment costs. By cutting off the flow of power for part of the 60Hz 360° cycle power is saved. Works for lights and ceiling fans. Not tested with CFLs. Has the common trade-off of saving electricity but with higher up front equipment costs.

California Title 24 Electric Energy Compliance p116 In response to the 2000 electricity crisis, California enacted legislation requiring indoor and outdoor lighting energy conservation standards. The standards include control requirements as well as limits on installed lighting power. In response to the 2000 electricity crisis, California enacted legislation requiring indoor and outdoor lighting energy conservation standards. The standards include control requirements as well as limits on installed lighting power. An approach to consuming less energy for lighting is education. or better yet instead of incandescent light would reduce the energy consumption and do it by saving consumers money. An approach to consuming less energy for lighting is education. CFL or better yet LED instead of incandescent light would reduce the energy consumption and do it by saving consumers money.

Indoor Lighting Compliance Requirements for lighting design and installation are addressed primarily to lighting designers, electrical engineers, and municipal building inspectors. Indoor lighting is a large power consumer in commercial buildings. Requirements for lighting design and installation are addressed primarily to lighting designers, electrical engineers, and municipal building inspectors. Indoor lighting is a large power consumer in commercial buildings. By limiting the allowed power for lighting, more efficient ways of lighting are developed. By limiting the allowed power for lighting, more efficient ways of lighting are developed. Chapter 5 details the USGBC’s LEED program

Outdoor Lighting and Signs p123 See Lighting Sciences Group in Satellite Beach, Florida.Lighting Sciences Group Street lights, road signs, parking lot lights, etc. consume a lot of electricity. Use More efficient lighting. Use More efficient lighting. Use sensors to turn lights off when sun is up. Use sensors to turn lights off when sun is up. Use solar powered lighting when practical. Use solar powered lighting when practical. Avoid light pollution. Avoid light pollution.

Solar Power Facts p127 As of 2010 it is a very small part of US energy production, “drop in the bucket”. As of 2010 it is a very small part of US energy production, “drop in the bucket”. It is a demand side solution. It helps to off-set your usage. It is a demand side solution. It helps to off-set your usage. It is non-polluting except for the energy needed to manufacture the equipment. It is non-polluting except for the energy needed to manufacture the equipment. It is scalable and expandable. It is scalable and expandable. It can be deployed where it is consumed. It can be deployed where it is consumed. The USA is a significant manufacturer of the equipment. The USA is a significant manufacturer of the equipment. The USA is a leader in the development and R&D. The USA is a leader in the development and R&D. It is renewable! It is renewable!