Chapter 3: Models of Earth

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 3: Models of Earth

Chapter 3.1

Modeling the Planet Globes are the best models. However, they are not convenient.

Maps Maps are flat 2-dimensional representation of earth’s surface. All maps distort Earth’s features. Cartographer – map maker

Map Projections – help reduce distortion Mercator Projects the planet as if a large cylinder had been wrapped around it Distorts the areas near the poles Gnomonic Projection Is made as if a cone of paper had been wrapped around Earth Useful for mapping large mid latitude areas

Latitude and Longitude Earth is divided into 4 hemispheres Equator divides the north and south hemisphere Prime Meridian (0°) and the 180° meridian divide the East and West hemisphere

Latitude lines or parallels circle the world from east to west. Measured in degrees north or south of the equator Equator 0°, North Pole 90°N, South Pole 90°S 180° between the Poles

Longitude Lines that run north to south that give position East or West of the Prime Meridian 0° Longitude lines can be numbered from 0° to 180° East or West One degree is divided into 60 minutes which is divided into 60 sec

Map Scale – how a maps feature compare in size to the actual earth Fractional 1/24,000 1: 24,000 Graphically I—1—2—3—4—I miles Verbal “one inch equals one mile”

Chapter 3.2

Mapmaking and Technology

How Cartographers (map makers) traditionally worked Plane-table survey – climb to the area’s highest vantage point and draw a map of whatever features he saw.

How Technology has changed mapmaking Photography – pictures from above Radar – Side looking radar

Satellite Technology Landsat Imaging Radar EOS – Earth Observing System

Computers Use Satellite information to decode and make images out of the data they collect Global Positioning System (GPS) Allows people to determine their position, speed and time anywhere in the world at anytime in any weather 24 satellites that follow circular orbits above Earth Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Combines satellite, statistical survey and traditional land surveys to make more useful maps.