Seismic Instrumentation Technology Symposium Communications - Leveraging Existing Infrastructures with Iridium RUDICS and SBD Derek Inglis June

Background in Seismic Telemetry IRIS/Passcal – RT130 / Argos - Quanterra Q330 / Iridium Seismic and GPS data from remote polar regions

XI-100 and XI-202

Satellite Telemetry Systems Good choice for seismic monitoring Disaster ready, don’t rely on cellular or landlines Will work in areas where there is no other infrastructure (extreme regions) Costs are coming down (slowly) Geostationary Systems Low Earth Orbiters (LEO’s)

GEO/LEO Geostationary Satellite systems – Track the same positions on the earth – Large orbits – Usually directional antennas (VSAT) Polar Orbiting satellite systems – Orbit North to South – Smaller orbits – Can use omnidirectional antennas

Satellite Systems ArgosInmarsat GOESMSAT OrbcommIridium VSATGlobalstar

Satellite systems available GOES, MeteosatMessagingGEO< 5 kB/day ArgosMessagingLEO< 5 kB/day Inmarsat CMessagingGEO< 10 kB/day OrbcommMessagingLEO< 50 kB/day IridiumVoice/Data /Messaging Big LEO1 MB/hr Globalstar VSAT Voice Internet Big LEO (regional) Big LEO 1 MB/hr MB/hr Inmarsat BGANInternetGEO50 MB/hr

Iridium overview Designed as a phone system: 2-way, real-time 24/7 availability, true global coverage – 66 satellites – Inter-satellite links pass traffic to ground station Basic data rate 2.4kbps Various modes of access – Dial-up (better for larger file sizes) – Short Burst Data, SBD (up to 2 kbyte per message) – RUDICS

Cross-linked satellites

XI-100 Short Burst Data + RUDICS Can connect directly to a Q330 via IP or serial port External sensor port

XI-100 Functional Diagram

XI-100

Cold Temperatures Original A3LA modems spec’d to -20C Newer 9522B’s spec’d to -30C Need to assist modems by adding heater circuits

Customization of Iridium modems Internal Heaters for cold temperature Tested to -70C Confidential Information - Xeos Technologies Inc. - NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION

Iridium RUDICS Benefit over non-rudics CSD type calls Allow for TCP/IP and UDP connectivity More reliable connection Slightly better transmission rates Eliminate modem to modem Least expensive data cost per KB

RUDICS system Consists of a ‘Tunnel’ server application Remote Seismic monitor connected to an XI-100

Rudics problems Buffering data over a very slow connection - We overcame this on the firmware side by buffering data in flash memory TCP/IP Stack on a low power, low memory device - We stripped down the stack to the bare essentials to make it work within the confines of the hardware RUDICS drops - We overcame these by implementing a handshake system between the XI and the tunnel to detect drops and reestablish the connection. We also discovered an issue with stop bits that seemed to impact RUDICS drops.

XI-202 (coming soon!) Smaller, lower cost SBD only Status of Health (SOH) message and more GPS, accelerometer (motion and tilt) 8 MB flash memory External sensors Inputs External Inputs/Outputs

XI-202 Monitor multiple battery voltages Collect, store, transmit small data samples Send and receive commands from equipment External Reset other equipment (kickstart)

Polarsat – beyond Geostationary coverage 29

Telesat’s Global Infrastructure Telesat is now the fourth largest Fixed Satellite Service (FSS) operator in the world providing reliable and secure satellite-delivered communications solutions to broadcast, telecom, corporate and government customers

The need for circumpolar coverage Meteorological Continuous Circumpolar Coverage 100% at 60° North and above for weather monitoring Communications Current Area of Interest outlined in blue as defined by the Canadian Space Agency Coverage can be expanded to include other arctic regions Satellite could also include: aviation communications navigation augmentation,

The Telesat Approach to Polar Constellation A two satellite constellation can meet these requirements for continuous weather monitoring and communications Satellite design life of 15 years in a space environment similar to geostationary orbit where we currently operate our 13 satellites A private public partnership model based on payment of services over the period in which these services are provided Commercial approach to the development, procurement and operation of the satellite system Can provide over ten hours of broadband communications service to the south pole region Comparison of Telesat proposed orbit and geostationary orbit.

Thank-You