Nazi Europe Poland and the Fall of France APUSH World War II

The Axis takes Shape League of Nations attempts to solve world problems –Japan & Germany withdraw, 1933 –Italy withdraws, 1937 Axis Powers form –Germany & Italy –+ Japan –Other countries “neutralized” Axis PowersCo-belligerentsMinor ParticipantsPuppet StatesCollaborator StatesControversial Cases Germany Italy Japan Hungary Romania Slovakia Bulgaria Finland Iraq Thailand San Marino Yugoslavia India Manchukuo Mengjiang (Inner Mongolia) Reorganized Natn’l Gov’t of China Philippines Vietnam Cambodia Laos Burma Croatia (I-G) Greece (I-G) Pindus (I-G) Macedonia (I-G) Slovakia (G) Serbia (G) Italy (G) Albania (G) Hungary (G) Macedonia (G) Montenegro (I) Vichy FranceDenmark Norway Soviet Union Spain Sweden Switzerland

The Allies take Shape Allied Powers –Britain & France join to help Poland –GB & US alliance –26 nations unite by 1942 Agree to work under US leadership North AmericaC & S AmericaAsia & PacificEuropeAfrica United States Canada Costa Rica El Salvador Cuba Dominican Republic Guatemala Haiti Honduras Nicaragua China Australia India United Kingdom USSR Belgium Czechoslovakia Greece Luxembourg Netherlands Norway Poland South Africa

Axis Wartime Strategy Germany: the 3 rd Reich –Form neutralizing alliances –Attack with the Blitzkrieg –+ Establish “Festung Europa” Italy: Return of the Roman Empire –Attack Greece –Attack North Africa Japan: Greater East Asian Co-Prosperity Sphere –China (1895), Russia ( ) –Korea (1910), Manchuria (1931) –China (1937), Soviet Non-aggression Pact (1941) –Pearl Harbor (1941), Island hopping (1942 onward)

Axis Control, Europe 1942

Axis Control, Asia 1942

Allied Wartime Strategy Hope GB & the USSR can hang on/defeat the Nazis –Neutrality –Cash & Carry –Destroyers for Bases –Lend-Lease Coordinate Efforts in Europe under US command Europe first, Asia second –Bombing Raids –Open a 2 nd front –Sicily/Italy then France

Turning Points & Major Battles Europe Battle for Britain, 1940 Stalingrad, D-Day, 1944 Asia Pearl Harbor, 1941 Midway, 1942

The Home Front The Draft, 1940 Wartime Economics –Tax increases –Wage & Price Controls –Credit & Investment No Credit issued High Savings &/or Investment –Low inflation-- purchase of War Bonds –High Incomes –Rationing Books of rationing stamps Tires to footwear to shortening Car races banned

The Home Front Labor Issues –High Job Availability –Unions recognized Exchange for no-strike policy –Women in the workforce Filled traditional roles Took “men’s” jobs Gained respect Volunteered & recycled Army Pilots –Farmers keep up food production –Teen Labor: state child labor laws change

The Home Front Civilian Support for the War –Civil Air Patrol & USO Minority Rights –FEPC –Double V Campaign –Internment… Propaganda and Culture –Posters –Recycling Drives –Movies & Cartoons

The End Collapse of Nazi Eastern Europe –Soviets push westward Unconditional German Surrender –Germany divided –Allied disagreement leads to Cold War The Holocaust –“Discovered” Bombs on Japan –“Regular” bombs –Fire bombs –Atomic Bombs –US Army occupation

War Costs Casualties 15 million military deaths 15 million civilian deaths Unknown statistics for dislocations, famines, exterminations, deportations, epidemics 1 out of every 2 saved by new drugs Totals estimated at 45 million The Big Economic Q: Did WWII bring prosperity? 10x as costly as WWI Cost 40% of GDP 5x increase in US debt 6x increase in US taxation 1+ million casualties (dead & wounded) 154 government agencies created Increased employment, not consumption

Reflection Questions 1.Why was fear of Soviet expansion such an important issue during WWII? How did this fear play out in US war policy? 2.How did US and Japanese goals differ during the 1930s? Do you think war could have been avoided between the two nations? 3. List two things that you learned that were interesting &/or that you will remember easily a month from now.