2-Tiered Ethics Ethics Training for Leaders and Supervisors Level 2 Level 1

2-Tiered Ethics Level 2

2-Tiered Ethics

Fifteen years of research indicates that success in building ethical cultures in organizations depends in large part upon the commitment of their leaders. “In a 2004 The Internal Auditor article, Colleen Waring discussed this trend, noting that organizations whose leaders were committed to high ethical standards correlate positively with cost reduction/enhanced performance and stronger ethical culture. The 2006 Wellspring Consulting Fall quarterly newsletter noted how employees are more engaged and want to work in organizations that don’t compromise their personal values. These findings suggest that leaders who build ethical cultures can increase the retention rates of valued employees by decreasing rates of observed misconduct, increasing rates of reported misconduct and reducing pressure to compromise standards. Michael Griffin and Tracy Davis Bradley argued in a 2010 Bloomberg Business Week article that leaders who measure and manage threats to an organization’s ethical culture not only reduce internal threats presented by misconduct, but also boost productivity and performance.Bloomberg Business Week article Level 1 Ethics: Choices Between Right and Wrong Level 1

“Ethics is concerned with the kinds of values and morals an individual or society finds desirable or appropriate. Furthermore, ethics is concerned with the virtuousness of individuals and their motives. “To make a change in other people carries with it an enormous ethical burden and responsibility. Because leaders usually have more power and control than followers, they also have more responsibility to be sensitive to how their leadership affects followers’ lives.” - Peter J. Northouse, Leadership Theory and Practice Level 1 Ethics: Ethics Definition Level 1

Level 1 Ethics Definitions Deals with what is good and bad; with moral duty and obligation The principles of conduct governing an individual or a group With Level 1 Ethics we are primarily concerned with the decision made Level 1 Ethics: Choices Between Right and Wrong Level 1 Governor’s Executive Order on Ethics Gift Receiving Gift Receiving Nepotism Nepotism Lobbying Lobbying Penalties Penalties Codes of Conduct Professionalism Standards in a Performance Plan

2-Tiered Ethics Values represent basic convictions that a specific mode of conduct or end- state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end-state of existence. Values express an individual’s ideas as to what is right, good, or desirable. -Robbins and Judge

Level 1 Ethics: Choices Between Right and Wrong Level 1 Ethical Leaders Will 1.Recognize Ethical Issues 2.Reflect on Ethical Issues 3.Integrate the Collective Good into Appropriate Decisions 4.Make a Substantial Contribution 5.Exhibit Sacrifices or Courage for the Common Good Unethical Leaders Will: 1.Use Their position for Personal Benefit 2.Use Their Position for Other Group Benefit 3.Use Their Position for Ego-Boosting Rather Than Accomplishing the Common Good. Neutral Ethical Leaders Will 1.Ignores Ethical Issues Beyond Rule-Breaking 2.Are Oblivious to Ethical Dilemmas 3.Not Actively Encourage an Ethical Climate Van Wart, Monty. Leadership in Public Organizations. 2008

2-Tiered Ethics: Leadership Northouse, Peter. Leadership, Fifth Ed. 2010

Level 1 Ethics: Choices Between Right and Wrong Level 1 Personal – What are your values and ethical standards? How do you treat others, etc.? Organizational – You have ethical responsibilities to your agency. Public – As a public employee you have a unique responsibility to the public trust and our political system Maintain credibility of constitutional government Agree to accountability Agree to act competently and effectively Agree to use public funds with care and efficiency Agree to protect the trustworthiness and legitimacy of their institution

Level 1 Ethics: Choices Between Right and Wrong Level 1 What Tools Does a Leader Have to Help Build an Ethical Organization? Be an Example of Ethical Behavior ¨ Be an Example of Ethical Behavior ¨ Encourage Ethical Behavior Vocally ¨ Hire Ethical Individuals ¨ Reward Ethical Behavior/Punish Unethical Behavior ¨ Codes of Ethics ¨ Provide Ethics Training "In looking for people to hire, you look for three qualities: integrity, intelligence, and energy. And if they don't have the first, the other two will kill you." -Warren Buffet

Level 2 Ethics: Choices Between Right and Right Level 2 What is Level 2 Ethics? Because of their positions, managers, supervisors, and leaders are more often faced with situations that are messy, complicated, anxiety-laden, and politically loaded dilemmas. Level 2 Ethics is about being aware of those situations that are “trickier” than normal right and wrong. Managers need tools to tackle situations when doing the right thing requires doing something else wrong, or leaving another right thing undone. How do you decide what to do when two important values conflict? With Level 2 Ethics we should be less concerned with the decision made and more concerned about the process; how the decision was made.

Level 2 Ethics: Choices Between Right and Right Level 2 P. E. R. M. S. A Model for Ethical Decision Making

P.E.R.M.S. A model for ethical decision making P- Policy: What’ s the policy, rule, or law? E- Exception: Am I making an exception for myself? R- Result: what will the likely result of my action be? M- Motive: what’s my motive behind the action or decision? S- Service: Does this action promote the public service?

Level 2 Ethics: Choices Between Right and Right Level 2 Public Organizational Personal Decision Point

Level 2 Ethics: Choices Between Right and Right Level 2 Benefits of 2-Tiered Ethics 1.Attention to ethics improves all of society 2. Organizations that have ethical climates foster trust 3. Ethical organizations can focus more on achieving the mission and vision of the organization 4.Ethical organizations attract the right kind of employees 5. Ethical managers and employees are less distracted and are more confident in doing their jobs effectively 6. Organizations with ethical climates are better to work at and promote better job satisfaction 7.Ethical organizations have the right image with the public and are more effective because of it 8.Ethical leaders have more credibility with staff

2-Tiered Ethics Ethics Training for Leaders and Supervisors Level 2 Level 1