PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
DNA Transcription and Translation
Advertisements

RNA Transcription.
DNA: Transcription & Translation How do we go from DNA to PROTEIN?
8.4 DNA Transcription 8.5 Translation
The Structure of RNA RiboNucleic Acid
Proteins are made by decoding the Information in DNA Proteins are not built directly from DNA.
Protein Synthesis The production (synthesis) of polypeptide chains (proteins) Two phases: Transcription & Translation mRNA must be processed before it.
Protein Synthesis Pages Part 3. Warm-Up: DNA DNA is a double stranded sequence of ___________ (smallest unit of DNA). 2.Short segments of.
Transcription and Translation
DNA Structure and Function. Review! Nucleus : “brain” of the cell. Chromosomes: found in the nucleus.
Transcription. Define the following Messenger RNA Ribosomal RNA Transfer RNA Transcription Codon.
Chapter 13.1 and 13.2 RNA, Ribosomes, and Protein Synthesis
End Show Slide 1 of 39 Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 12-3 RNA and Protein Synthesis RNA and Protein Synthesis.
RNA and protein synthesis. RNA Single strand of nucleotides Sugar is ribose Uracil instead of thymine.
Chapter 12 Making Proteins. Differences between RNA and DNA DNA = double strand; RNA = single strand RNA contains Ribose instead of deoxyribose. RNA uses.
SC.912.L.16.5 Protein Synthesis: Transcription and Translation.
RNA Structure Like DNA, RNA is a nucleic acid. RNA is a nucleic acid made up of repeating nucleotides.
8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT – DNA directs the synthesis of proteins through three steps (Replication, Transcription, & Translation) Transcription is.
Protein Synthesis Transcription. DNA vs. RNA Single stranded Ribose sugar Uracil Anywhere Double stranded Deoxyribose sugar Thymine Nucleus.
RNA and Protein Synthesis
3 types:  mRNA – used in transcription  tRNA – used in translation  rRNA – makes up ribosomes Composed of nucleotides  5 carbon sugar = ribose  phosphate.
One gene=one protein RNA & Protein Synthesis. Genetic Code -Universal All living organisms have the same four nucleotides- A, C, T, & G Central Dogma:
RNA/ TRANSCRIPTION / TRANSLATION
 DNA is the blueprint for life – it contains your genetic information  The order of the bases in a segment of DNA (GENE) codes for a particular protein;
RNA AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
RNA Another Nucleic Acid.
DNA can’t do it alone so it
Chapter 12: Protein Synthesis What is DNA? What is DNA?
DNA Structure DNA Replication RNA Transcription Translation.
The student is expected to: 4B investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions, transport of molecules, and synthesis.
Structure of DNA DNA is made up of a long chain of nucleotides
8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.
YouTube - "The Gene Scene". The Structure of RNA There are three main differences between RNA and DNA. 1. The sugar in RNA is ribose instead of deoxyribose.
Protein Synthesis. RNA (RIBONUCLEIC ACID)  Nucleic acid involved in the synthesis of proteins  Subunits are nucleotides  Nucleotides are composed of.
Objective Explain the function and structure of RNA. Determine how transcription produces a RNA copy of DNA. Analyze the purpose of transcription.
RNA & Protein Synthesis
8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule. NEW VOCABULARY (Def. on next 2 slides) Central Dogma RNA.
Warm-Up 10/28 What are some major differences between DNA and RNA?
8.4 Transcription KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts a gene into a single-stranded RNA molecule.
8.4 Transcription TEKS 4B, 6C, 9C The student is expected to: 4B investigate and explain cellular processes, including homeostasis, energy conversions,
Chapter 8 Section 8.4: DNA Transcription 1. Objectives SWBAT describe the relationship between RNA and DNA. SWBAT identify the three kinds of RNA and.
Notes: Transcription DNA vs. RNA
RNA Another Nucleic Acid.
12.3 KEY CONCEPT Transcription converts DNA into a single-stranded RNA molecule. DNA can not leave nucleus..RNA CAN!
RNA Another Nucleic Acid.
It’s All About Proteins
RNA Another Nucleic Acid.
RNA 3 Differences Between DNA and RNA RNA - ribonucleic acid
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
Chp: 12 Transcription & Translation
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS = CELL CONTROL
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
Transcription/ Translation Notes 16-17
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
Transcription and Translation
Protein Synthesis Genes: They’re all about ‘dem Proteins!
DNA Transcription and Translation
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
RNA carries DNA’s instructions.
Presentation transcript:

PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

What do you already know? What does the word “synthesis” mean? What is the building block of protein? Where in the cell are proteins made? What is the function of proteins? What 3 letters do all sugars end with?

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology DNA is transcribed into RNA which is translated into protein. DNA (Gene) RNA Protein Transcription Translation Translation RNA Transcription Protein

Picture of Dogma Nucleus Cytoplasm

Structure of RNA Ribose Sugar Phosphate group Nitrogenous bases- AU (not T) C G Forms a nucleotide (just like DNA)

Post-it Activity: 1. On your post-it notes write 2 things that only DNA has 2 things that only RNA has 1 thing in common 2. Place your post-it on the appropriate poster. Post-it Activity:

RNA differs from DNA DNA has a sugar deoxyribose 1. RNA has a sugar ribose DNA has a sugar deoxyribose 2. RNA contains uracil (U) DNA has thymine (T) 3. RNA molecule is single-stranded DNA is double-stranded

Remember the Central Dogma

3 Main Types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA) – carries the message from DNA (in the nucleus) to the ribosomes. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) – combines with proteins to form ribosomes, the site of protein synthesis. Here amino acids are linked together to form a protein. Transfer RNA (tRNA) – carries amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosomes. Mr. T

Transcription – Basics Process that makes mRNA (messenger RNA) from a gene (DNA) mRNA carries the genetic codes from the nucleus to the ribosomes Occurs in the nucleus

Transcription – DNA  mRNA DNA unzips into 2 separate strands 2. Enzymes pair up nucleotides according to RNA base pairing rules: Cytosine(C) pairs with Guanine(G) Uracil(U) pairs with Adenine(A) 3. A single strand of RNA has been produced. 4. Genetic code from DNA is transferred to mRNA

DNA- TAC CGG ATA CCG CAT GCG RNA- AUG GCC UAU GGC GUA CGC So, after transcription, what is the complementary mRNA strand from the following strand of DNA? DNA – AGG CTT GGC CAA GCT RNA –UCC GAA CCG GUU CGA DNA- TAC CGG ATA CCG CAT GCG RNA- AUG GCC UAU GGC GUA CGC

Brain Break Find classmates that will help you complete the sequence of protein synthesis. Once you have all the pieces (5 total), working with your group organize the picture/words into the correct order. Have a teacher check your work then copy your sequence into your notes

Translation – mRNA  protein Process where mRNA is used to make proteins. Occurs at the ribosomes Ribsomes are made of rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

Translation – mRNA  protein 1. The mRNA leaves the nucleus and goes to the ribosomes. 2. The ribosome attaches to mRNA The mRNA is read by ribosomes 3 nucleotides (codon) at a time 4. As the codons are read, tRNA (transfer RNA) brings the appropriate amino acids and they are assembled in a long chain called a protein

Protein Synthesis Simulation http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objID=AP1302

Flow Map Organize the pieces into the correct order Have a teacher check your answer Copy the correct sequence into your notes.

The Genetic Code 3 RNA nucleotides code for 1 amino acid. The strand AAACGUUCGCCC would be separated as AAA-CGU-UCG-CCC How do we figure out the amino acids? -we use the codon chart Lysine – Arginine – Serine – Proline

Genetic Codes

Universal Genetic Code DNA mRNA codon tRNA anticodon Amino Acid G T U A C C A G U Histodine A T G A U G Tyrosine G C A C G U Arginine

Protein Synthesis Amino acid protein tRNA Ribosome rRNA mRNA

Protein Synthesis DNA → RNA → Proteins Translation Transcription F E C Amino acids tRNA F E mRNA C D G Ribosome rRNA Protein A B I DNA making mRNA DNA Translation H DNA → RNA → Proteins Transcription

Quick Review 1. How many nucleotides are needed to code for one amino acid? 1 3 4 6

Quick Review 2. Uracil is found in….. DNA RNA Ribosomes Double Helix

Quick Review 3. What is one role of transfer RNA in the cell? preparing the genes for messenger RNA changing nitrogen bases into amino acids preparing messenger RNA for the ribosomes carrying amino acids to the ribosomes

Quick Review 4. The genetic information for making a protein must move from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Which of these moves this information to the cytoplasm? a ribosome DNA RNA an amino acid

Quick Review 5. Which of these statements best explains how genes and proteins are related? Genes are segments of DNA that code for proteins. Proteins are segments of DNA that code for genes. Genes are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are the building blocks of genes.