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Photos shown in this presentation may depict situations that are not in compliance with applicable OSHA/MSHA/FHWA requirements. It is not the intent of the content developers to provide compliance-based training in this presentation, the intent is more to address hazard awareness in the construction and mining industry, and to recognize the overlapping hazards present in many workplaces. It should NOT be assumed that the suggestions, comments, or recommendations contained herein constitute a thorough review of the applicable standards, nor should discussion of “issues” or “concerns” be construed as a prioritization of hazards or possible controls. Where opinions (“best practices”) have been expressed, it is important to remember that safety issues in general and jobsites specifically will require a great deal of site- or hazard-specificity – a “one size fits all” approach is not recommended, nor will it likely be very effective.

No representation is made as to the thoroughness of the presentation, nor to the exact methods of remediation to be taken. It is understood that site conditions vary constantly, and that the developers of this content cannot be held responsible for safety problems they did not address or could not anticipate, nor those which have been discussed herein or during physical presentation. It is the responsibility of the employer, its subcontractors, and its employees to comply with all pertinent rules and regulations in the jurisdiction in which they work. It is assumed that individuals using this presentation or content to augment their training programs will be “qualified” to do so, and that said presenters will be otherwise prepared to answer questions, solve problems, and discuss issues with their audiences. Areas of particular concern (or especially suited to discussion) have additional information provided in the “notes” section of slides throughout the program…as a presenter, you should be prepared to discuss all of the potential issues/concerns, or problems inherent in those photos particularly.

Scope of Standard Permissible Practice Respirator Program Program Elements Questions & Answers

Applicable to: General Industry (1910) Shipyards (1915) Marine Terminals (1917) Longshoring (1918) Construction (1926)

Elimination/Substitution Engineering Controls Enclosures Confinement of Operations Ventilation Administrative Controls Worker/Job Rotation Training & Education Personal Protective Equipment Respiratory Protection

When effective engineering controls are not feasible While engineering controls are being implemented During maintenance and repair operations During emergency use

If respirator use is necessary or required by the employer: A written program must be developed with work-site specific procedures Program must be updated when work-site changes with respirator use A program administrator must be designated Must be qualified through training or experience to perform the following: Conduct evaluations Administer or oversee program Respirators must be provided as well as training and medical evaluations (NO COST TO EMPLOYEE)

If respirator use is not required by the employer: Respirators may be provided to or by employees if use does not cause any harm or create any hazards If voluntary use is permissible Users must be provided with Appendix D by employer Written program must be established and implemented to ensure user safety and proper use Note: A written program is not required with the voluntary use of filtering facepieces (dust masks)

Definitions Selection Medical Evaluation Fit Testing Use Maintenance and Care Breathing Air Quality and Use Training Program Evaluation

Employer must select and provide an appropriate respirator based on respiratory hazards worker is exposed to, workplace and user factors Respirator shall be certified by NIOSH and used in compliance with certification Identification and Evaluation of Respiratory Hazards Nature of Contaminant/Contaminant Involved Estimate of employee exposure If there is no basis or adequate information for employee exposure assessment, assume IDLH Contaminant’s chemical and physical state Human capabilities Work condition Select respirators from a sufficient number of models/sizes

An atmosphere that poses an immediate threat to life, would cause irreversible health effects or would impair an individual’s ability to escape from a dangerous atmosphere Oxygen Deficient Atmosphere Toxic Levels that exceed the Permissible Exposure Limit

If an IDLH atmosphere exists, select: A full facepiece pressure demand SCBA certified by NIOSH for 30 minutes minimum service life or A combination full facepiece pressure demand Supplied Air Respirator or Escape-only respirators from IDLH atmospheres shall be NIOSH certified for escape from the atmosphere in which they will be used Note: Employers may use any atmosphere supplying respirator provided they can demonstrate oxygen levels are maintained at 19.5% and 16% partial pressure equivalent

For protection against gases and vapors, employers must provide: An atmosphere-supplying respirator An air-purifying respirator, provided that: Respirator is equipped with ELSI (End of Service Life Indicator) certified by NIOSH for that contaminant Change-out schedule is provided for canisters and cartridges based on objective data that will ensure they will be changed before end-of-service life when there is no ESLI Employer must describe information and data with basis for change schedule

For protection against particulates, employers must provide: An atmosphere supplying respirator An air-purifying respirator equipped with HEPA filters certified by NIOSH or with filters certified by NIOSH for particulates An air-purifying respirator equipped with any filter certified for particulates by NIOSH for contaminants consisting primarily of particles with mass median aerodynamic diameters of at least 2 micrometers

Levels of filter efficiency are 95%, 99%, and 99.97% Number is dependent on how much filter leakage can be accepted Categories of resistance to filter efficiency degradation are labeled N, P and R N ~ Not resistant to Oil R ~ Resistant to OIL P ~ Oil-Proof If no oil particles are present, use any of the above If oil particles are present, use only R or P If oil particles are present and the filter is to be used for more than one work shift, use only P series

Must be provided to determine the employee’s ability to use a respirator Must be completed before fit testing and use A PLHCP must be identified to perform medical evaluations through: A medical questionnaire Initial medical examination The medical evaluation must obtain information requested in Appendix C Part A Sections 1 and 2 Follow-up medical examination is required when: Employee answers “Yes” to Question in Section 2, Part A of Appendix C Initial medical examination demonstrates need for follow-up

Annual review of medical status is not required Medical evaluations must be provided at a minimum if: Employee reports medical signs or symptoms related to the ability to use a respirator PLHCP, supervisor or Program Administrator informs employer of employee reevaluation Information from respirator program indicates a need for reevaluation Program evaluation Observations made during fit testing Changes in workplace conditions may increase physiological burden

Employee must be fit tested with same, make, model, and size of respirator that will be used before any use commences with a positive or negative pressure tight fitting facepiece Employees must pass a Qualitative Fit Test (QLFT) or a Quantitative Fit Test (QNFT) Prior to initial use Whenever different respirator is used At least annually thereafter Additional fit test must be conducted when the employee’s physical condition changes that could affect fit of respirator Facial scarring Dental Changes Cosmetic Surgery Change in Body Weight

A pass/fail fit test to assess the adequacy of the respirator fit. This test relies on the individual’s response to the test agent May only be used to fit test negative pressure APR’s that must achieve a fit factor of 100 or less Testing agents include: Isoamyl Acetate Saccharin Bitrex Irritant Smoke

Assessment of the adequacy of the respirator fit by numerically measuring the amount of leakage into the respirator If fit factor is determined to be equal to or greater than 100 for tight fitting half facepieces or equal to or greater than 500 for tight fitting full facepieces, the QNFT has been passed with that respirator Fit Factor = Concentration of Substance in Ambient Air Concentration inside respirator when worn

Employees that wear tight fitting respirators shall not have facial hair or any condition that interferes with the face-to-facepiece seal or valve function Corrective glasses or goggles must not interfere with the face-to-facepiece seal Positive and Negative Seal Checks must be performed each time the respirator is donned Follow procedures in Appendix B-1

The effectiveness of the respirator must be evaluated through appropriate surveillance of the work area conditions and the degree of exposure or stress Employees must leave the respirator use area: To wash their faces and respirators as necessary If gas or vapor breakthrough is detected If breathing resistance is detected If there is leakage of the facepiece To replace respirator, filter, cartridge or canister Employee cannot re-enter area until respirator is replaced or repaired

Provide each user with a respirator that is clean, sanitary and in good working order Follow Appendix B-2 or manufacturer’s recommendations Clean and disinfect as follows: As often as necessary when issued for exclusive use Before being worn by different individuals when issued to more than one employee After each use for emergency respirators and those used in fit testing and training

Protect from: Sunlight Damage Contamination Dust Extreme temperatures Excessive moisture Damaging chemicals Stored to prevent deformity

Before use and during cleaning All respirators used in emergencies will be inspected monthly Emergency escape - Before going into area

Compressed breathing air must meet at least the requirements for Type 1- Grade D air as described in ANSI/CGA G which requires: Oxygen content of % Hydrocarbon content of 5 mg/m 3 of air or less CO content of 10 ppm or less CO 2 content of 1,000 ppm or less Lack of noticeable odor Compressors must be equipped with suitable in-line air purifying sorbent beds and filters that must be maintained and replaced per the manufacturer

Must be labeled and color coded with the NIOSH approval label. The label must not be removed and must remain legible “TC” number is no longer on cartridges or filters Marked with NIOSH, manufacturer’s name, and part number an abbreviation to indicate cartridge or filter type (N95, P100, etc.)

At least one employee located outside of IDLH area. For firefighters it’s two in two out. Visual, voice or signal line communication is maintained between employees in and outside of IDLH areas at all times. Employees outside of IDLH are trained and equipped to provide effective emergency rescue. The employer is notified before rescue enters IDLH. Rescue to have: SCBA Retrieval Equipment or equivalent

Employers must provide effective training to employees who are required to use respirators Employees must be trained so that they can demonstrate knowledge of at least the following: Why respirator is necessary How improper fit, maintenance or use can compromise its protective effect Limitations and capabilities of the respirator Effective use in emergency situations How to inspect, put on/remove, use and check the seals Maintenance and storage Recognition of medical and signs and symptoms that may limit or prevent effective use General requirements of this standard

Must be provided prior to use Exception: If acceptable training has been provided by another employer within the past 12 months Retraining is required annually and when: Changes in the workplace or type of respirator render previous training obsolete Inadequacies in the employee’s knowledge or use Any situation in which retraining is necessary Appendix D must be provided to employees who wear respirators when use is not required by this standard or by the employer

Must conduct evaluations of the workplace as necessary to ensure effective program implementation Must regularly consult employees required to use respirators to assess their views on program effectiveness and to identify and correct any problems Factors to be assessed: Respirator Fit Appropriate Selection Proper Use Proper Maintenance

Records of medical evaluations must be retained and made available per 29 CFR A record of fit tests must be established and retained until the next fit test is administered A written copy of the current program must be retained Written material required to be retained must be made available upon request to affected employees and OSHA