Isolation/Neutrality Notes Most Americans cling to ISOLATIONISM in the early stages of WWII Early 1930s a flood of books criticizing US involvement in WWI emerged. Documentation of large profits that banks and manufactures made In 1935 in effort to keep US out of war Neutrality Acts were passed by Congress. First two acts outlawed arms sales or loans to nations at war. The third act was passed in response to the fighting in Spain. This act extended the ban on arms sales and loans to nations engaged in civil war.

Isolation/Neutrality Notes 1937 Japan attacks China: Roosevelt called on peace-loving nations to “quarantine”, or isolate, aggressor nations in order to stop the spread of war. As German tanks thundered across Poland, Roosevelt revised Neutrality Act of 1935 September 1939 Congress pass “CASH AND CARRY” provision Would help France and Britain defeat Hitler and keep the US out of the war Lend Lease Act: passed in 1941 Allowed US to ship arms and other supplies to Allies without immediate payment

Pearl Harbor Clip Casualties, Significance, Response How do the Japanese view their duties in the attack? What events took place prior to the attack? What was the reaction of the Americans? Besides the Harbor, what else did the Japanese seek to destroy? What is the Japanese Admiral afraid they have done?

December 7, 1941

Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941- “A date which will live in infamy” Surprise aerial attack by Japanese Imperial Navy Attack took place about 245 miles north of Oahu Island 7:53 Hawaiian time- “Tora Tora Tora!” Two waves of planes- 353 planes Carried out prior to the declaration of war Hideki Tojo ordered Japanese Navy to prepare for attack Mastermind of Pearl Harbor- Admiral Yamamoto

Attack

MAP OF PEARL HARBOR

Battleship Row United States Pacific Fleet and about 50,000 American troops. At Pearl Harbor was the largest concentration of U.S. forces in the Pacific.

U.S. Casualties 2,403 Military and civilians killed 1,178 Military and civilians wounded Sunk or damaged 21 ships, included 8 battleships 300 aircrafts were severely damaged or destroyed

Japanese Casualties 55 airmen 9 submariners killed, 1 captured 29 planes destroyed 4 mini-subs sunk NO KAMIKAZE pilots until the end of the WWII when desperation was at its highest.

USS Arizona 1,102 men died in the explosion and sinking of the Arizona Now a memorial to those who lost their lives

Significance of Pearl Shattered American view of being invulnerable Devastated US fleet at Pearl Harbor Japanese did not get the Aircraft Carriers! Did not get oil storage facilities and dry docks Did not lower the moral of the U.S.- in fact, it did the opposite. The aircraft carriers weren't touched. The carrier would prove to be the decisive weapon of the naval war in the Pacific, not the battleship, which every naval strategist before 1941 thought would be the primary naval weapon. The submarines were not attacked. Submarines became one of America's most potent weapons in crippling Japan's vital supply lines. The repair dockyards and fuel-oil storage tanks were undamaged. Thus, Pearl Harbor was able to serve its important role in wartime as a repair and refitting base for the Pacific Fleet. In fact, most of the American ships damaged in the attack were repaired and entered action against the Japanese later in 1942 and 1943.

U.S. Response to Pearl Harbor President Roosevelt’s “A date which will live in infamy” speech U.S. Declaration of War