Unit 2 Week 4, Oct. 7-11

Homework for the Week Monday: Tuesday: Block Day: Friday: Cornell Notes on p.226-227 Tuesday: Papers due on Block Day with Works Cited Page Digital copy due to turnitin.com Block Day: Study Vocab Friday: Lunch test review today Put together your checklist Study for the test *Reminder: Unit 2 test on Monday October 14th

Agenda, 10/7/2013 HW: Cornell Notes on p.226-227 HOT ROC Progressives – background Problem solving activity Matching activity – if time HW: Cornell Notes on p.226-227 Reminder: Papers due on Block Day with Works Cited Page Digital copy due to turnitin.com

The Progressives 11.2.9 Understand the effect of political programs and activities of the Progressives (e.g., federal regulation of railroad transport, Children's Bureau, the Sixteenth Amendment, Theodore Roosevelt, Hiram Johnson).

HOT ROC: Review of Social Tensions Discuss with your partner, from p.216-217 What were three changes that women went through at the turn of the century? Were these changes positive, negative, or both? What was the temperance movement? Why did it begin? Depending on whether or not you completed this on Friday, you can have them write the answer to above questions and call on students to answer the following or only call on students to answer all of the questions as a review if they’ve already written out the answers. Read over section 16.6 and respond to the following questions: What happened to the social classes at the turn of the century? How has the change in social classes impacted Americans today? Why did many immigrants remain in ethnic neighborhoods? What were three challenges that African Americans faced at the turn of the century?

Who were the Progressives? Middle and upper class began to notice the problems with industrialization. Muckrakers report problems Vocab: Progressive Progressive: A member of a social and political movement of the early 1900s committed to improving conditions in American life

Who influenced the Progressives? The Populists: Goals Improve conditions for farmers and workers Curb the power of big business Make government more accessible The Social Gospel Movement: Christianity Social reform Society must take responsibility for the less fortunate The Progressives: Want to improve society Use political action Use the government to solve problems Regulation of Big Business

The Progressives Challenge to Social Darwinism Progressives strongly opposed the robber baron’s philosophy of Social Darwinism Social Darwinism: belief that the “fittest” (best) people and corporations would thrive Laissez-faire business policy leave business alone Progressives believe that domination by the rich and powerful was a distortion of democracy.

Some of the accomplishments of the Progressives Child labor outlawed in 1893 States pass laws to make it illegal More high schools built and student enrollment increases over time as children stop working Working Conditions improve Workers compensation: pay workers who get injured on the job Shorter hours and minimum wage Fight corruption in government Elect mayors, governors and people to Congress who aren’t corrupt Clean up the police force Increased number of services provided by the city (like parks and garbage) Give the people the power to pass laws through initiatives and referendums

Problem-Solving Activity For each problem on the next few slides, say which choice you think is best and then explain why.

Scenario #1 The majority of workers live in tenement houses that are falling apart and overcrowded. Because they are made mostly of wood and built right next to each other without any fire escapes, they would be very dangerous for people if a fire started. Lack of adequate plumbing has led to there being a lot of sewage on the streets. These buildings provide housing for people who have no where else to live. If the housing were nicer then the new immigrants couldn’t afford it and they would be homeless. A law should be passed that requires the city to collect trash weekly and also to require buildings to have a fire escape. Also, money should be spent on roads and trolleys so it is easy to work in the city but live somewhere else. This will keep the city from getting overcrowded. Workers should be given a larger share of the profits made by the companies where they work. No business owner should be able to make more than 20 times as much money as his lowest paid employee.

Scenario #2 Democracy is no longer working well in local governments because of the political machines. Elected officials are taking bribes from businesses to make laws that favor those businesses. Also, people can only be hired for government positions like mail carrier or teacher if they pay a bribe. Lastly, elected officials are using tax money to pay ridiculously high prices for building and contract work that is all being done by their friends. Sometimes this leads to a kick-back where their friends let them keep some of the money “paid” for the job. Elect people into office who promise not to be corrupt and who will try and change the laws that allow corruption. Change how governments are run so that instead of electing a mayor, the governor appoints 5 people to run the city together. The appointment people are experts in their field – an engineer, a public safety office, a financial advisor, etc. Get rid of local government and instead have all meetings decided by the entire town in local town hall meetings.

Scenario #3 State and federal governments allow monopolies to control an entire industry. Once a monopoly exists in an industry they can charge consumers high prices, pay workers low wages and pollute the environment. Monopolies mass produce products wanted and used by society. By becoming so large they are able to offer more products to more people and employ more workers. Also, they have generated wealth and power that has made the United States into a world power. State governments should make laws that regulate businesses. These laws could include requirements for working conditions, limits on the pollution that a business can generate and making monopolies illegal. The state should take control of essential businesses, like railroads, electricity, and oil because these items are all necessary for people to eat, live in warm houses and transport themselves and goods. Since no one would choose to live without electricity it defies the rules of supply and demand, meaning an electric company that was a monopoly could charge whatever they wanted and people would still pay. For this reason, it should be run by the government and equally distributed to all people for a reasonable price.

Scenario #4 80% of African-Americans live in the South in 1900 as tenant farmers under Jim Crow laws that segregate their daily life, voting restrictions that deprive them of their right to vote and the Ku Klux Klan that terrorize anyone who tries to fight for a better life. Decide first if this problem should be solved by government or by the people themselves. If you think government should fix it, what steps can the government take to enforce the laws and amendments that have been passed? If you think the people themselves should fix it, describe what the people can do themselves without relying on the government. How will your plan be paid for and/or enforced?

Options Laissez-Faire, Conservative Progressive, Liberal Radical

Match the problem caused by political machines with the Progressives’ solutions. *Challenge Assignment – What problems could the solutions accidentally create? Problems caused by Political Machines Progressive reforms for Government A. Political parties kept average people from choosing the candidate. B. Immigrants voted for political bosses in return for the favors that the boss had done for them. C. Government officials were paid off to ignore illegal activities like gambling or drinking. D. Corporations bribed political parties to get their favorite candidate into office. E. Politicians gave jobs to their friends and government contracts to their friends’ businesses without allowing other companies to compete for the contract. F. Voter fraud included people voting more than once in different voting stations. 1.Secret ballots and private voting booths 2.Voters select their candidates in a primary rather than have political parties select the candidates. 3.Recalls allow voters to remove a corrupt or disliked elected official if enough people sign a petition to create a special election. 4.Initiatives allow people to propose their own laws to be voted on by people on the election day ballot. 5.Pendleton Act sets up guidelines for hiring government workers (“civil servants”) so that jobs would be given based on merit.

Problems caused by Political Machines Progressive reforms for Government A. Political parties kept average people from choosing the candidate. B. Immigrants voted for political bosses in return for the favors that the boss had done for them. C. Government officials were paid off to ignore illegal activities like gambling or drinking. D. Corporations bribed political parties to get their favorite candidate into office. E. Politicians gave jobs to their friends and government contracts to their friends’ businesses without allowing other companies to compete for the contract. F. Voter fraud included people voting more than once in different voting stations. 1.Secret ballots and private voting booths – A and/or F 2.Voters select their candidates in a primary rather than have political parties select the candidates. – A and/or D 3.Recalls allow voters to remove a corrupt or disliked elected official if enough people sign a petition to create a special election. A, B, C, D, E and/or F 4.Initiatives allow people to propose their own laws to be voted on by people on the election day ballot. D and/or E 5.Pendleton Act sets up guidelines for hiring government workers (“civil servants”) so that jobs would be given based on merit. B, C and/or E

Agenda, 10/8/2013 HOTROC POV activity Categorizing Activity Progressive Presidents Venn Diagram (if time) HW: Essays due in class tomorrow, digital copies to turnitin.com by 5pm on Thursday

HOT ROC Use your homework notes (p.226-227) for your historical applications as you add progressive and suffrage to your glossary.

POV: Big Government vs. Big Business Approach to business Businesses will better serve the consumer if they follow regulations and requirements set by the government. Businesses can create jobs for workers and goods for consumers best when they don’t have to follow lots of government rules. (Laissez-faire policies) What makes the US great? Equality: The government protecting everyone’s public welfare Liberty: The freedom to pursue your dreams and be free from government control What they were called in 1900 Progressives Captains of Industry What they are called today Democrats Republicans

Categorizing practice Which of these are a result of Big Government? Which are a result of Big Business? Tenement houses Political Machines Nat’l Child Labor Committee Laissez-faire policies Workers’ Compensation Vertical Integration Robber Barons inspectors of garbage collection

POV Activity: Confronting Racism in the Progressive Era How should issues of race and racism be addressed in American society? Read and respond to DuBois and Washington excerpts from p. 228 & 229. Which perspective do you agree most with and why?

POV: Desire for change How would you categorize Booker T POV: Desire for change How would you categorize Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois? How would you categorize yourself? Reactionary Conservative Liberal Radical Wants to go back in time to a previous way of doing things. Wants to maintain the current system, status or way of doing things. Wants to make changes that will reform or improve the current system Wants to discard the current system and create an entirely new and better system. Usually are people who feel they have recently lost something they previously had Usually are people who are benefitting from the current system. Prefer maintaining order. Usually are people who know that the system needs to be fixed but don’t want revolutionary change. Comfortable with trying new things. Usually people who have a compelling vision of how things could be entirely different and/or have lost faith in being able to fix the current system.

Categorizing practice Explain the different responses people had to the problems at the end of the 19th Century. Sort these people or events into Reactionary, Conservative, Liberal or Radical: Populists Progressives Social Gospel Movement Unions strikes voting restriction laws Nativists monopolies Social Darwinism Political machines Chinese Exclusion Act

The Progressive Presidents

Directions Make a large Venn diagram on a whole sheet of paper. Use 18.2, 18.3, 18.4 (p.232-239) to find out what Progressive reforms each of the following Presidents did and what similarities/differences the Presidents had between each other. Think of: Political reforms Economic reforms Social reforms At the end, use the information to write a thesis sentence response that includes prompt, organizational categories and position.

Agenda, 10/9-10/10 Turn in research papers Progressive Presidents Venn Diagram Election of 1912 Vocabulary: election Women’s suffrage movement Reminders: Submit a digital copy of your paper to turnitin.com by 5pm on Thurs Unit 2 test on Tuesday Checklists due on Tuesday

Create a Venn Diagram to record notes from today’s lecture. Roosevelt Taft Wilson Label reforms as P= Political, S= Social, E= Economic Draw arrows to show similarities.

Theodore Roosevelt Republican President comes to power in 1901 “The man who holds that every human right is secondary to his profit must now give way to the advocate of human welfare.”--Teddy Political Reforms Square Deal: regulate big business to protect workers and consumers Economic Reforms “Trust Busting” with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act (busts railroads) Social Reforms Pure Food and Drug Act: sets up FDA  response to Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle U.S. Forest Service: National Forests!

William Howard Taft Republican President and Teddy’s successor (1908) “The welfare of the farmer and the worker is vital to that of the whole country”—Taft Political Reform Limits power of big business in government Social Reform Adds to national forests Child’s Bureau: investigate child labor Economic Reform Promises to lower tariffs Raises them instead (!!) and angers Roosevelt

Woodrow Wilson Democrat president elected 1912 Social Reform “The ear of a leader must ring with the voices of the people”—Woody Social Reform Abolishes Child labor 18th Amendment: Prohibition of Alcohol Economic Reform Federal Reserve System: system to regulate banks 16th Amendment: income tax Political Reform 17th Amendment: direct election of Senators 19th Amendment: WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE!

Answer Key Teddy Roosevelt 1901-1908 William Taft 1908-1912   Teddy Roosevelt 1901-1908 William Taft 1908-1912 Woodrow Wilson 1912-1921 Similarities Political Reforms Square Deal- big business reform Wanted to limit the power of big corporations Lawsuits against trusts New Freedom: limited the power of trusts Clayton antitrust act- limit trusts even more, protected labor unions 19th Amendment- Suffrage Roosevelt supported Taft in the 1908 election. All presidents wanted to reform big business Roosevelt and Wilson sympathetic to women’s right to vote Economic Reforms Sherman Anti Trust Act Hepburn Act- The Fed. Gov. could set railroad rates Arbitration for steel workers Low tariff platform in his campaign- however in 1909 he raised tariffs- upset Progressives Tariff Reform Created the Federal Trade Commission Federal Reserve (The Fed) 16th Amendment- income tax 17th Amendment- direct election Taft and Wilson wanted to reform the banking system Social Reforms Meat Inspection Act, Pure Food and Drug Act (FDA) US Forest Service- set aside land for national forests Added land to national forests, Children’s Bureau National wildlife refuge Keating-Owen Child Labor Act National Park Service 18th Amendment- Prohibition All three did not worry about racial tensions in the US. Taft and Wilson set up 8 hour workdays

The Election of 1912

Candidates Roosevelt: Taft: Wilson Vocab: Election Republican President 1901-1908 Wanted Republican nomination, failed to get it, created Progressive “Bull Moose” party Taft: Incumbent Republican President 1908-1912 Wilson Democrat Vocab: Election

And…Eugene Debs- Socialist

Wilson Roosevelt Debs Taft Modern Example: Wilson Roosevelt Debs Taft

Results

History of Women’s Suffrage Seneca Falls Convention (1848) Elizabeth Cady Stanton Declaration of Sentiments Suffrage Amendment first proposed in 1878 by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton 19th Amendment not passed until 1920

What took so long?! What was it like to be a woman in the late 19th – early 20th Century? Why did some people oppose Women’s Suffrage? Declaration of Sentiments and questions Examples of opponents to women’s suffrage

Agenda, 10/11/2013 HOT ROC: Vocab card quiz Unit 2 test review – Review Jeopardy

Putting it all together Notes Checklist While putting together the checklist, you will watch a video about the turn of the century. The Century: Seeds of Change Part 1: Start at 6:13 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEcpJQxtswA Part 2: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2IepTBls1uk&feature=related Part 3: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dae7QI6gIsA&feature=related