Pearl Harbor

Admiral Isoroku Yamamoto

Pearl Harbor from the Cockpit of a Japanese Pilot

Pearl Harbor - Dec. 7, 1941 A date which will live in infamy!

President Roosevelt Signs the US Declaration of War

USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor

Pearl Harbor Memorial 2,887 Americans Dead!

Pacific Theater of Operations

“Tokyo Rose”

Paying for the War

Singapore Surrenders [February, 1942]

U.S. Surrenders at Corregidor, the Philippines [March, 1942]

Bataan Death March : April, ,000 prisoners [12,000 Americans] Marched 60 miles in the blazing heat to POW camps in the Philippines.

Bataan: British Soldiers A Liberated British POW

The Burma Campaign The “Burma Road” General Stilwell Leaving Burma, 1942

Allied Counter-Offensive: “Island-Hopping”

“Island-Hopping”: US Troops on Kwajalien Island

Farthest Extent of Japanese Conquests

Lt. Col. Jimmy Doolittle: First U. S. Raids on Tokyo, 1942

Battle of the Coral Sea: May 7-8, 1942

Battle of Midway Island: June 4-6, 1942

Japanese Kamikaze Planes: The Scourge of the South Pacific Kamikaze Pilots Suicide Bombers

Gen. MacArthur “Returns” to the Philippines! [1944]

US Marines on Mt. Surbachi, Iwo Jima [Feb. 19, 1945]

Battle of Okinawa, April – June 1945 Known as “Typhoon of Steel” Largest amphibious assault in Pacific of the War. Operation Downfall – invasion of main islands in Japan 48,000 Americans died. 150,000 Japanese civilians died. Japanese propaganda viewed Americans as “barbarians.” This gave the Japanese the mindset of never surrendering to an American.

Potsdam Conference: July, 1945 yFDR dead, Churchill out of office as Prime Minister during conference. yStalin only original. yThe United States has the A-bomb. yAllies agree Germany is to be divided into occupation zones yPoland moved around to suit the Soviets. P.M. Clement President Joseph Atlee Truman Stalin

THE DECISION TO DROP THE BOMB

Einstein’s Letter In the course of the last four months it has been made probable - through the work of Joliot in France as well as Fermi and Szilard in America - that it may become possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new radium-like elements would be generated. Now it appears almost certain that this could be achieved in the immediate future. This new phenomenon would also lead to the construction of bombs, and it is conceivable - though much less certain - that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed. A single bomb of this type, carried by boat and exploded in a port, might very well destroy the whole port together with some of the surrounding territory. However, such bombs might very well prove to be too heavy for transportation by air... Yours very truly, (Albert Einstein)

The Manhattan Project: Los Alamos, NM Dr. Robert Oppenheimer I am become death, the shatterer of worlds! Major General Lesley R. Groves

The Manhattan Project June 1942, atomic-bomb project War Department's Army Corps of Engineers. American and European physicists discovered that the fission of uranium could a powerful weapon. Employed nearly 129,000 people

The Manhattan Project Cont. To disguise this ultra-secret project, the Corps created a Manhattan Engineer District, with a headquarters initially based in New York City. Most work done at Los Alamos, New Mexico “Gadget” (Trinity) on July 16, 1945

“Trinity” July 16, 1945

Tinian Island, 1945 Little Boy Fat Man Enola Gay Crew

Col. Paul Tibbets & the A-Bomb

Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 ©70,000 killed immediately. ©48,000 buildings. destroyed. ©100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

Hiroshima Before The Atomic Bomb

Hiroshima After The Atomic Bomb

The Beginning of the Atomic Age

Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 ©40,000 killed immediately. ©60,000 injured. ©100,000s died of radiation poisoning & cancer later.

The Bombing: Nagasaki BeforeAfter

Japanese A-Bomb Survivors

Hiroshima Memorials

V-J Day (September 2, 1945)

Japanese POWs, Guam

V-J Day in Times Square, NYC

WW II Casualties: Europe Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations

WW II Casualties: Asia Each symbol indicates 100,000 dead in the appropriate theater of operations

WW II Casualties Country Men in war Battle deaths Wounded Australia1,000,00026,976180,864 Austria800,000280,000350,117 Belgium625,0008,460 55,513 1 Brazil 2 40, ,222 Bulgaria339,7606,67121,878 Canada 1,086, , ,145 China 3 17,250,5211,324,5161,762,006 Czechoslovakia— 6, ,017 Denmark—4,339— Finland500,00079,04750,000 France—201,568400,000 Germany20,000,000 3,250, ,250,000 Greece—17,02447,290 Hungary—147,43589,313 India2,393,89132,12164,354 Italy3,100, , ,716 Japan9,700,0001,270,000140,000 Netherlands280,0006,5002,860 New Zealand 194,000 11, ,000 Norway75,0002,000— Poland—664,000530,000 Romania 650, ,000 6 — South Africa 410,0562,473— U.S.S.R.— 6,115, ,012,000 United Kingdom 5,896, , ,267 United States 16,112,566291,557670,846 Yugoslavia3,741,000305,000425,000 1.Civilians only. 2.Army and navy figures. 3.Figures cover period July 7, 1937 to Sept. 2, 1945, and concern only Chinese regular troops. They do not include casualties suffered by guerrillas and local military corps. 4.Deaths from all causes. 5.Against Soviet Russia; 385,847 against Nazi Germany. 6.Against Soviet Russia; 169,822 against Nazi Germany. 7.National Defense Ctr., Canadian Forces Hq., Director of History.

Massive Human Dislocations

The U.S. & the U.S.S.R. Emerged as the Two Superpowers of the later 20 c

The Bi-Polarization of Europe: The Beginning of the Cold War

The Division of Germany:

The Creation of the U. N.

The Nuremberg War Trials: Crimes Against Humanity

Japanese War Crimes Trials General Hideki Tojo Bio-Chemical Experiments

7 Future American Presidents Served in World War II

The Race for Space

Early Computer Technology Came Out of WW II Mark I, 1944 Admiral Grace Hooper, COBOL language Colossus, 1941

The Emergence of Third World Nationalist Movements

The De-Colonization of European Empires