JAPAN BECOMES A WORLD POWER

Commodore Mathew Perry visits JapanCommodore Mathew Perry 1853: Forces Japan to end policy of isolationism Formerly ruled by a Shogun –#1 Samurai Treaty of Kanagawa1854: Treaty of Kanagawa –trading rights –extraterritoriality –other Western countries open up trade w/ Japan –“unequal treaties” Japanese view of Commodore Perry

Treaty of Kanagawa Peace and friendship between the United States and Japan. Opening of two ports to American ships at Shimoda and Hakodate Help for any American ships wrecked on the Japanese coast and protection for shipwrecked persons Permission for American ships to buy supplies, coal, water, and other necessary provisions in Japanese ports.

Below is a list of some of the gifts each nation presented to the other. Put a "J" next to the gifts presented by the Japanese and an "A" next to the ones presented by the Americans to the Japanese. Lifeboats Clocks Silk Farm Tools Unusual sea shells Telegraph wire Porcelain tea sets Telescope Lacquer boxes and trays Umbrellas Whiskey/wines Jars of soy sauce Miniature railroad Pistols/swords

MEIJI RESTORATION (1868) Meiji means “enlightened rule” Shogun steps down Restored Emperor to power “Honor the emperor and expel the barbarians” “Enrich the country, strengthen the military” Scholars sent to the West to learn gov’t, industry, military

Changes under the MEIJI Parliament (Diet) taxes rose education improved improve infrastructure feudalism abolished Rise of ZAIBATSU becomes economic / industrial power

JAPANESE Expansion in ASIA ended “unequal treaties” 1895: Sino-Japanese War: defeated China to gain control of Korea and Taiwan 1905: defeated Russia in Russo-Japanese War –*first time an Asian nation defeats a European power –gained Manchuria NEED for raw materials sought equal political standing w/ WEST

Growth of Extreme Nationalism 1929: Great Depression hurts Japanese economy 1931: conquest of Manchuria rise of MILITARISM: mission was to free Asian nations from western imperialism 1940: Japan joins Axis Powers –USA places oil/supply embargo on Japan –Japan/US negotiate to avoid war –Dec. 7, 1941: Attack on Pearl Harbor Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

ISLAND HOPPING I/T PACIFIC To stop Japanese expansion Japan depended on secure oceanic routes for food & raw materials Battle of Midway: June 3-7, 1942 –turning point o/t war –4 Japanese aircraft carriers destroyed –1 US carrier destroyed USS YORKTOWN (CV-5) Midway Island

ISLAND HOPPING SEABEEs: Navy construction battalions –cleared forests and build airstrips Amphibious Assaults –new war tactics –Marines: ship to land assaults –supported by aircraft and naval gunfire

ISLAND HOPPING Battle of Peleliu Island 15 Sept - 12 Oct 44 to capture an airstrip over 12,000 US lives lost over 10,000 Japanese lives lost USS PELELIU (LHA 5)

BATTLE OF IWO JIMA 19 Feb -26 Mar 45 6,800 Americans KIA 20,000 “ wounded 21,000 Japanese KIA –almost every single soldier

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS 6 May 42: The PI fall to Japan –Gen. Douglas MacArthur promises to return BATAAN Death March –76,000 Allies surrender –5,000 perish on death march –thousands more die in POW camps Return t/t Philippines –50,000 Japanese KIA –3,504 Americans KIA –Battle of Leyte Gulf largest naval battle of WWII –KAMIKAZE pilots appear Bataan Death March 65 mile trek

BATTLE OF OKINAWA 1 Apr - 22 June 45 12,500 Americans KIA 110,000 Japanese KIA 1,900 Kamikaze missions against US naval fleet Japanese commander commits seppuku (suicide) Japanese battleship YAMATO is sunk –2800 Japanese die w/ ship –Largest battleship i/t world YAMATO

WWII against Japan: HIROSHIMA and NAGASAKI US Island Hopping Tokyo Raid Enola Gay drops 1st Atomic bomb on Hiroshima (6Aug45) –80,000 killed 2nd Atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki (9Aug45) –40,000 killed

The Enola Gay

Hiroshima

USS INDIANAPOLIS

Nagasaki: Before the blast

Nagasaki: After the blast

Nagasaki

??? DID THE USA NEED TO DROP TWO ATOMIC BOMBS ON JAPAN TO END WWII?