ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ALMOND THREE EFFECT THERMAL COMFORT BUILDING CLIMATOLOGY ARC 810 DEPARTMENT OF ARCHITECTURE Federal university of technology Akure Nigeria
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria OUTLINE INTRODUCTION BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMAL COMFORT THERMAL BALANCE OF THE HUMAN BODY FACTORS AFFECTING THERMAL COMFORT THERMAL INDICES APPLICABILITY OF THE INDICES
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria INTRODUCTION The human body maintains a thermal balance by controlling heat loss and gain The six major factors that affect comfort are air temperature mean radiant temperature air velocity the relative humidity intrinsic Clothing and level of activity
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria BASIC CONCEPTS OF THERMAL COMFORT Design of buildings with climate aims at maintaining comfort within and outside the building An analysis is usually carried out to ascertain the comfort limit Comfort is subjective in nature The best comfort conditions are called optimum thermal conditions Under such conditions only 50-75% people feels comfortable
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body Body loses heat through Convection Conduction Radiation evaporation Thermal balance is achieved Heat lossheat gain
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body chart showing an equilibrium of heat loss and heat gain
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal balance of the human body
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria MEAN RADIANT TEMPERATURE CONTINUED
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Air velocity continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Air velocity continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Relative Humidity continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Intrinsic clothing continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria PICTURE SHOWING EFFECT OF THE THERMAL FACTORS ON THE BODY
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Factors Affecting Thermal Comfort
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The activity continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Need for thermal index continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Need for thermal index continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Examples of Thermal indices
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Standard effective temperature continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Standard effective temperature continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Standard effective temperature continued The kata thermometer
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Effective Temperature (ET)
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The effective temperature continued It combines the effects of the following: the relative humidity the air velocity the air temperature
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal comfort chart for the Effective Temperature index.
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Corrected Effective Temperature it is an improvement on the ET scale as it considers radiation effects as a fourth determinant of comfort
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram Effective Temperature nomogram for persons wearing normal clothes.
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Effective Temperature nomogram for persons stripped to the waist.
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Use Of The Effective Temperature Nomogram
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Resultant Temperature (RT) continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Resultant Temperature (RT) continued Chart of the Resultant Temperature index.
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Equivalent Warmth continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria THERMAL INDICES
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Predicted Four Hour Sweat Rate continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Predicted Four Hour Sweat Rate continued Factors considered are Air temperature Humidity air movement metabolic rate clothing Mean radiant temperature of the surrounding
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal indices
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Operative Temperature continued Operative Temperature chart. Air velocity = 0.1 m/s and activity = 1 met. Operative Temperature chart. Air velocity = 0.1 m/s and activity = 1 met.
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal indices
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal indices The Bioclimatic Chart Victor Olgyay's conviction that there is no point in defining a single-figure index, as each of the components are controllable by different means resulted in the construction of the bioclimatic chart The Bioclimatic Chart Victor Olgyay's conviction that there is no point in defining a single-figure index, as each of the components are controllable by different means resulted in the construction of the bioclimatic chart
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Bioclimatic chart continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Bioclimatic chart continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued The bioclimatic chart
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued A reduction factor should be used to convert the wind velocity to air movement at the level of the human body (see table 1)
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued ConditionMean daily temp. ( C) Mean daily humidity Diurnal range High temperature and high humidity by day over 27over 70%- over %?10 C High temperature and high diurnal range over %- over %- over %>10 C Excessive discomfortover %- over %- over – 70%>10 C over 32over 70%?10 C
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued Day and night comfort but with high diurnal range %>10 C %>10 C %>10 C over 70%>10 C Low day temperatures (fresh) (cool)-- -- Day comfortall conditions not included above High temperature and high humidity by night above 25.5above 70%- above %?10 C
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued High temperature and low humidity by night above %- above %- above %>10 C Low night temperatures below 10-- Table 1:Temperature and humidity limits for different forms of discomfort
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Use of Bioclimatic chart continued Example of the use of the bioclimatic chart for Zaria.
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Thermal indices
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Mahoney Scale continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Mahoney Scale continued Comfort limits proposed by Mahoney
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria thermal indices
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Evans Scale continued Table 3: Comfort temperature ranges according to Evans
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria The Evans Scale continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Applicability of the Indices
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Applicability of the Indices continued
ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria ARC 810: Building Climatology Department of Architecture, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Nigeria Applicability of the Indices continued