Executive 9066

Economic Changes in World War II The War Production Board –American factories poured their efforts into making weaponry. 40 billion bullets 300,000 aircraft 76,000 ships 86,000 tanks 2.6 million machine guns

Propaganda

JAPANESE EXPANSION Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor US declares war on Japan Philippines Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March JAPANESE EXPANSION Dec. 7, 1941, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor US declares war on Japan Philippines Bataan Death MarchBataan Death March

Date PlaceParticipantsDecisions Dec to Jan June 1942 Washington Conference 1 st 2 nd FDR Winston Churchill Big 2 War Production, shipping, aid for China, diversion of German strength from Eastern Front and a North African invasion. Jan Casablanca Conference FDR Winston Churchill Big 2 Plans for invasion of Sicily and to step up Pacific War…D-day invasion in 1944 onto French coast. Unconditional Surrender of Germany Nov Tehran Conference FDR Winston Churchill Joseph Stalin Big 3 1 st time “Big 3” meet. Stalin demands 2 nd front onto French coast…. Date of D-day invasion decided… General Eisenhower appointed as commander of Allies

Map 16 of 45 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved.

Map 17 of 45 Copyright © 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. World War II—Europe and North Africa with Axis, Allied & Neutral Positions in Africa December 1941

soft underbelly” Attack Hitler’s “soft underbelly”

Stalin’s 2 nd front

soft underbelly” Attack Hitler’s “soft underbelly” TURNING POINT BATTLES1942 Allied invasion of North Africa El Alamein TURNING POINT BATTLES1942 Allied invasion of North Africa El Alamein

The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”]: Europe’s “Soft Underbelly” The Italian Campaign [“Operation Torch”] : Europe’s “Soft Underbelly”  Allies plan assault on weakest Axis area - North Africa - Nov May 1943  George S. Patton leads American troops  Germans trapped in Tunisia - surrender over 275,000 troops.

= Canadian = Great Britain = United States

The Allies stem the Japanese Tide In the first six months after Pearl Harbor, the Japanese had great military success. Conquered much of the Asian mainland and islands in the Pacific. In 1942, Japan threatened the Americans in the Philippines. US General Douglas MacAurthur left the Philippines in March 1942, but told the people left behind, “I shall return.”

The US Fights Back The US fights back against the Japanese. March 5, 1942: fire-bombing raid on Tokyo. US Navy wins the Battle of Coral Sea. This ended the Japanese threat to invade Australia. June 1942, Battle of Midway US breaks Japanese code, learns their plan. Navy led by Chester Nimitz crushes Japan. This was a turning point in the Pacific War!

“Island Hopping” Island Hopping was the US strategy to move closer and closer to Japan. US fought Japan from island to island, gaining strategic advantage.

Fighting the Kamikaze What is a Kamikaze raid? Suicide attacks where Japanese pilots crashed their planes into Allied ships

Other Important Battles The Battle of Leyte Gulf, Philippines, October 1944 Japanese Navy nearly wiped out.Japanese Navy nearly wiped out. The Battle of Iwo Jima, March 1945 Gave the US a base to launch heavy bombers that could reach Japan.Gave the US a base to launch heavy bombers that could reach Japan. The fire-bombing raid on Tokyo from March 9-10, 1945, destroys 250,000 buildings and kills an estimated 83,000.The fire-bombing raid on Tokyo from March 9-10, 1945, destroys 250,000 buildings and kills an estimated 83,000. The Battle of Okinawa, June 1945 Battle for the last Japanese outpostBattle for the last Japanese outpost 7,600 Americans and 110,000 Japanese were killed7,600 Americans and 110,000 Japanese were killed The Philippines are retaken by MacArthur in July 1945.

map/japan TURNING POINT BATTLES1944 Battle of Leyete Gulf, recaptured the Philippines1945 Iwo Jima and Okinawa Put the US 500 miles from mainland Japan Began bombing mainland Japan TURNING POINT BATTLES1944 Battle of Leyete Gulf, recaptured the Philippines1945 Iwo Jima and Okinawa Put the US 500 miles from mainland Japan Began bombing mainland Japan

The Atomic Bomb Ends the War As American forces neared Japan in March 1945, FDR died. Vice President Harry Truman became president.Vice President Harry Truman became president.

The Atomic Bomb Ends the War President Truman was told about the Manhattan Project. The secret development of the atomic bomb.The secret development of the atomic bomb. Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer.Led by J. Robert Oppenheimer. On July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was tested. It was MORE powerful than predictedOn July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was tested. It was MORE powerful than predicted

Arguments for use Japanese refused to surrender. Estimated an invasion similar to D-Day was needed to end war. Estimated Japan’s empire would last 2 years. Estimated Allied casualties at 1 million or more men with huge Japanese losses. Japanese leadership was told of the destructive power of the bomb Offered a period to surrender but declined. Arguments opposed Atomic bombs were untested and their destruction unknown Hiroshima and Nagasaki were not major military targets. Those killed in the attacks would be Japanese civilians. Radiation poisoning would have negative effects on the population. Nuclear weapons would set a precedent that using weapons of mass destruction was allowable in war

August 6, 1945: Hiroshima Before

August 6, 1945: Hiroshima

After

August 6, 1945: Hiroshima

More than 70,000 killed instantly.More than 70,000 killed instantly. 140,000 dead by the end of ,000 dead by the end of Japan did not surrender.Japan did not surrender.

August 9, 1945: Nagasaki