Chapter Six NetworkingHardware

Agenda Questions about Ch. 11 Midterm Exam Ch.6 Cable kit

Hubs Multiport repeater containing multiple ports to interconnect multiple devices

Bridges Like a repeater, a bridge has a single input and single output port Unlike a repeater, it can interpret the data it retransmits

Bridges Filtering database Collection of data created and used by a bridge that correlates the MAC addresses of connected workstations with their locations Collection of data created and used by a bridge that correlates the MAC addresses of connected workstations with their locations Also known as a forwarding table Also known as a forwarding table

Bridges Spanning tree algorithm Routine that can detect circular traffic patterns and modify the way multiple bridges work together, in order to avoid such patterns Routine that can detect circular traffic patterns and modify the way multiple bridges work together, in order to avoid such patterns Transparent bridging Method used on many Ethernet networks Method used on many Ethernet networks

Switches Subdivide a network into smaller logical pieces Create multiple, smaller collision domains In a half duplex switched network there are only two devices in each collision domain. In a full-duplex switched environment there is only 1 device in each collision domain (0 % chance of collision)

Cut-Through Mode and Store and Forward Mode Cut-through mode Switching mode in which switch reads a frame’s header and decides where to forward the data before it receives the entire packet Switching mode in which switch reads a frame’s header and decides where to forward the data before it receives the entire packet Cut-through switches can detect runts, or packet fragments Cut-through switches can detect runts, or packet fragments Store and forward mode Switching mode in which switch reads the entire data frame into its memory and checks it for accuracy before transmitting the information Switching mode in which switch reads the entire data frame into its memory and checks it for accuracy before transmitting the information

Using Switches to Create VLANs Virtual local area networks (VLANs) Network within a network that is logically defined by grouping its devices’ switch ports in the same broadcast domain Network within a network that is logically defined by grouping its devices’ switch ports in the same broadcast domain Broadcast domain Combination of ports that make up a Layer 2 segment and must be connected by a Layer 3 device Combination of ports that make up a Layer 2 segment and must be connected by a Layer 3 device

Using Switches to Create VLANs

Higher-Layer Switches Switch capable of interpreting Layer 3 data is called a Layer 3 switch Switch capable of interpreting Layer 4 data is called a Layer 4 switch These higher-layer switches may also be called routing switches or application switches

Routers Multiport connectivity device Can integrate LANs and WANs running at different transmission speeds and using a variety of protocols Routers operate at the Network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI Model

Agenda Packet Tracer Exercise and Project Questions Routers and Routing protocols Routing LAB Remember to Bring the cable kit next week

Router Features and Functions Modular router Router with multiple slots that can hold different interface cards or other devices Router with multiple slots that can hold different interface cards or other devices

Router Features and Functions Filter out broadcast transmission to alleviate network congestion Prevent certain types of traffic from getting to a network Support simultaneous local and remote activity

Router Features and Functions Static routing Technique in which a network administrator programs a router to use a specified paths between nodes Technique in which a network administrator programs a router to use a specified paths between nodes Dynamic routing Automatically calculates best path between nodes and accumulates this information in a routing table Automatically calculates best path between nodes and accumulates this information in a routing tableHop Term used in networking to describe each trip data take from one connectivity device to another Term used in networking to describe each trip data take from one connectivity device to another

Router Features and Functions

Routing Protocols To determine the best path, routers communicate with each other through routing protocols In addition to its ability to find the best path, a routing protocol can be characterized according to its convergence time and bandwidth overhead Convergence time Convergence time The time it takes for a router to recognize a best path in the event of a change or outage Bandwidth overhead Bandwidth overhead Burden placed on an underlying network to support the routing protocol

Routing Protocols The four most common routing protocols: RIP (Routing Information Protocol) for IP and IPX RIP (Routing Information Protocol) for IP and IPX OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) for IP OSPF (Open Shortest Path First) for IP EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) for IP, IPX, and AppleTalk EIGRP (Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) for IP, IPX, and AppleTalk BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) for IP BGP (Border Gateway Protocol) for IP

Gateways Combination of networking hardware and software that connects two dissimilar kinds of networks Popular types of gateways include: gateways gateways IBM host gateways IBM host gateways Internet gateways Internet gateways LAN gateways LAN gateways