Allied and Axis Strategy and War in the European Theater

Bell Ringer What is Isolationism? What does “cash and carry” basis mean? How did President Roosevelt address the nation after Pearl Harbor?

Time line Activity Create a time line using the events on your worksheet Add the US embargo on steel and oil to the event list Use your book and notes to help you Provide a brief description of each event on the time line Be creative!

1931- Japan invades Manchuria Neutrality Act (against all belligerent nations) Italy invades Ethiopia Germany invades the Rhineland Munich Agreement 1939 – Nonaggression Act Germany invades Poland Neutrality Act (Cash and Carry basis) US embargo on oil and steel Hitler over runs France Battle of Britain Lend Lease Act Pearl Harbor US enter WWII

Major Conflicts in the European Theater Battle of the Atlantic Battle of Stalingrad Battle of El Alamein Operation Torch

Allied Strategy European Theater “Defeat Hitler First” Germany viewed as a direct threat American military resources targeted for Europe

Allied Strategy Pacific Theater Island Hopping Moved closer to Japan by hopping from island to island Cut off Japanese supplies through submarine warfare Set up military bases for air attacks on Japan

Island Hopping

Axis Strategy in European Theater Defeat the Soviet Union quickly and control their oil fields Force Britain out of war through bombing campaigns and submarine warfare US cannot be allowed to change momentum

Axis Strategy in Pacific Theater Japan plans to invade Indonesia and Australia Hoped American would accept Japanese dominance rather than fight a bloody and costly war

Following Pearl Harbor US joins the war Allied Power  Great Britain  United States  Soviet Union Axis Powers  Germany  Italy  Japan

Battle of Atlantic Goal: Prevent food and war materials from reaching Great Britain 681 Allied ship sunk in seven months of 1942 by German submarines Allied Counter: Use of convoys with destroyers battle ships and airplanes using sonar and radar to cut down Production of “liberty ships” outnumbered their sinking

Battle of Stalingrad August 1942: Luftwaffe nightly air raids September 1942: Germany control 90% of city Winter 1943 Opportunity for massive counter attack Soviet tanks and forces surround the city starving the Germans out atch?v=IcOmdw82M40

Result of Battle of Stalingrad Germany surrender in February ,100,000 Soviets causalities Prevents Germany from control of Soviet oil fields Turning point in European Theater

Battle of El Alamein German forces threaten to seize Egypt and Suez Canal November 1942 Germany forces are defeated Result: Prevented Hitler from gaining oil supplies from Middle East watch?v=xrsRo_P7Zyw

Operation Torch American General Dwight D. Eisenhower vs. General Erwin Rommel Goal: Improve naval control of Mediterranean Axis surrender in May 1943

Spring 1943 Tide turns in favor of the Allies Allies regain control Allies mount their own offensive and march towards Germany begins