Topic #4 – The Nile Valley Chapter 2 Section 1 RAP: Look in your text book and write down 3 things you will learn in Chapter 2 Section 1 (pages 34-46).

Chapter 2 Section 1 “The Nile Valley”

Topic #4 – The Nile Valley Chapter 2 Section 1 Settling the Nile Between 6000 BC and 5000 BC, hunters and food gatherers moved into the region The Nile is the world’s longest river (4,000 miles long) River delta is the most fertile area Surrounded by desert with Mediterranean Sea to north and the Red Sea to east (good for trade and protection…why?)

The River People Regular, gentle flooding made it easier for Egyptians to farm better and live more securely Planted wheat, barley, and flax Used irrigation systems to trap flood water and dug canals from the basins to the farm lands Developed tools and methods to improve farming and lifestyle (ex- shadoof, surveying, papyrus) Developed form of writing called hieroglyphics

Topic #4 – The Nile Valley WIO Answer the questions: Page 39 – Geography skills #1 and #2 Page 40 – Summarize Page 42 - Identify

Mini Quiz on Friday! Topic #4 – The Nile Valley RAP: Answer the Study Guide questions 1-5. Mini Quiz on Friday!

A United Egypt Villages united to form small kingdoms - later formed into larger kingdoms. 3100 BC, the two kingdoms united under Narmer Egypt would be ruled by 31 dynasties (empires or rulers) over a period of 2800 years By 4000 BC, Egypt was made up of two large kingdoms: Lower and Upper Egypt

A United Egypt 3 main time periods: Old Kingdom Middle Kingdom New Kingdom

Traders, artisans, shopkeepers, and scribes Early Egyptian Life Egypt’s Social Classes Pharaoh Priests and nobles Traders, artisans, shopkeepers, and scribes Farmers and Herders Unskilled Workers

Family Life Men: head of the family Women: could own and pass on property, buy and sell goods, make wills, and obtain divorces (upper class women were in charge of temples and could perform religious ceremonies) Few children went to school (daughters were taught household duties and boys learned farming or skilled trades)

Topic #4 – The Nile Valley WIO Read Chapter 2 section 1. Answer Questions p 46, 1-6 only

TOPIC #5 - The Old Kingdom Chapter 2 Section 2 RAP: Define the vocabulary WORD DEFINITION PICTURE pharaoh deity embalm mummy pyramid

Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom Chapter 2 Section 2 2600 BC-2300 BC Egypt grew and prospered: built cities, expanded trade, and set up strong governments Capital: Memphis Pharaoh: his word is law!!!

Why follow the Pharaoh? People believed the unity of the kingdom depended on a strong leader. The Pharaoh was the son of sun god Re. Thought their pharaoh was a god on earth who controlled Egypt

Egypt’s Religion Worshipped many deities (gods) and believed they controlled nature and human activities (polytheistic!) Important gods: Re, Hapi, Isis, and Osiris Believed in life after death

Egypt’s Religion (cont.) Egyptians studied the Book of the Dead to get life after death Embalming and mummification Created first medical books which increased knowledge of the human body

Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom WIO *Write a step-by-step Comic Strip for “Making a Mummy”. Follow the directions according to the worksheet. *Use details from the text pages 49-50, “Life After Death”. *Include the following vocabulary words: deities, embalming, mummy.

QUIZ ON FRIDAY!!! Chapter 2 Section 2 Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom Today’s RAP 1) Why did the pharaohs hold so much power? 2) Copy the chart and identify each of the following gods: (page 49) QUIZ ON FRIDAY!!! Chapter 2 Section 2 Name Who they are? Picture Re Hapi Isis Osiris

Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom The Pyramids Protect and preserve bodies of dead pharaohs so they could move on to the afterlife. Took thousands of people and many years to build. Square base with entrance facing north! Moved huge stone blocks sometimes 100’s of miles to Nile River and floated them to the building sites.

Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom The Pyramids (cont.) Construction required great math skills Base 10 number system 365 day calendar Geometry and fractions

The Great Pyramid one of the “7 Wonders of the World” Stands 500 feet high (size of a 48 story building) 9 football fields wide 2 million stone blocks, 2.5 tons each No help from tools, beasts of burden, or even the wheel!

Topic #5 Egypt’s Old Kingdom WIO Work on your comic strip for making a mummy! Due on Friday!! Study for Mini Quiz Ch. 2.2 on Friday!!