Shaping an Abundant Land Human Geography of the United States: Shaping an Abundant Land The United States has grown both physically and economically. In the 20th century, the U.S. set aside isolationism and became the world’s sole superpower. Old ranch houses near Telluride, Colorado. NEXT

Looking at the Earth Physical Geography SECTION 1 History and Government of the United States SECTION 2 Economy and Culture of the United States SECTION 3 Subregions of the United States Unit Atlas: Physical Unit Atlas: Political NEXT

History and Government of the United States Section 1 History and Government of the United States • The United States is a “nation of immigrants,” settled by people from all over the world. • The United States is the most diverse and highly industrialized and urbanized nation in the world. NEXT

Establishing and Maintaining the Union SECTION 1 continued Creating a Nation Establishing and Maintaining the Union • French and English fight over trade and territory in North America - English gain control of everything east of Mississippi in 1763 • American Revolution (1775–1783): British colonies form United States • 1803 Louisiana Purchase from France doubles size of U.S. - includes plains between Mississippi and Rockies Continued . . . NEXT

Establishing and Maintaining the Union SECTION 1 continued Creating a Nation Establishing and Maintaining the Union • In early 1800s Western European immigrants arrive in large numbers - settle in Northeast industrial cities, Midwest farmlands • Sectionalism —loyalty to region over nation—grows, creates tension - industrial North versus agricultural South and its slave labor - Civil War fought between North and South from 1861 to 1865 NEXT

Industrialization and Urbanization SECTION 1 continued An Industrial and Urban Society Industrialization and Urbanization • 14 million European immigrants enter U.S. between 1860 and 1900 - go west or to urban centers like New York, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago • Rather than farm, many work in textile, steel, oil, food processing (Industrial Jobs) NEXT

Governing the People The United States’ Political System SECTION 1 Governing the People The United States’ Political System • Representative democracy —people rule through elected representatives • Federal republic —powers divided between national, state, and local governments • Three separate, equal branches: - executive branch headed by president, carries out laws - legislative branch makes laws - judicial branch interprets laws, reviews lower court decisions NEXT

Economy and Culture of the United States Section 2 Economy and Culture of the United States • The United States has the world’s largest and most diversified economy. • American products and popular culture are recognized around the world. NEXT

Economy and Culture of the United States SECTION Economy and Culture of the United States 2 The World’s Greatest Economic Power The U.S. Leads • World’s largest economy: agricultural, manufacturing, trade leader - U.S. accounts for more than 10% of world’s exports - exports—goods sold to another country • Success is due to resources, skilled labor, stable political system • Free enterprise economy: - people own resources, technology, businesses - businesses operate for profit with little governmental control Chart Continued . . . NEXT

An Agricultural and Industrial Giant SECTION 2 continued The World’s Greatest Economic Power An Agricultural and Industrial Giant • Due to fertile soil, early farm mechanization, U.S. accounts for: - 40% of world’s corn; 20% of cotton; 10% of wheat, cattle, hogs • Crop farming in Midwest, South; livestock ranching in West • Largest industrial output in world includes: - petroleum, steel, electronics, telecommunications, lumber, mining • U.S. advances in electronics, computers revolutionize industry Continued . . . NEXT

A Postindustrial Economy SECTION 2 continued The World’s Greatest Economic Power A Postindustrial Economy • A service industry produces a service rather than a product - Examples: information processing, transportation, medicine, education • Postindustrial economy —manufacturing no longer dominant • U.S. is leading importer and exporter - exports raw materials, agricultural products, manufacturing goods - imports automobiles, electronics, machinery, apparel - Canada and Mexico are major trade partners • Multinationals —corporations that do business worldwide NEXT

Languages and Religion SECTION 2 continued A Diverse Society Languages and Religion • English is dominant language, Spanish is second most common • Religious breakdown: - 85% Christian (56% Protestant, 28% Catholic) - Jews, Muslims 2% each Continued . . . NEXT

American Life Today Where Americans Live SECTION 2 American Life Today Where Americans Live • U.S. population: 280 million; 80% live in cities or suburbs • Result of widespread ownership of cars and effective transportation (roads, railroads, airlines) aids mobility Continued . . . NEXT

Subregions of the United States Section 3 Subregions of the United States • The United States is divided into four major economic and cultural subregions. • There are both similarities and differences among the subregions of the United States. NEXT

Subregions of the United States SECTION Subregions of the United States 3 The Northeast The Region • New England—six northern states of Northeast: - Maine, Vermont, New Hampshire, Mass., Rhode Island, Connecticut • Middle Atlantic states: Pennsylvania, New York, New Jersey • Northeast has only 5% of land, but 20% of population Continued . . . NEXT

Growth of the Megalopolis SECTION 3 continued The Northeast Growth of the Megalopolis • Megalopolis —several large cities grow together, along with the surrounding areas - “BoWash:” Boston, New York City, Philadelphia, Washington, D.C. - 500 miles; 1/6 of U.S. population; connected by road, rail, air links Chart NEXT

SECTION 3 The Midwest The Region • The Midwest—north-central U.S., known as the American Heartland - 1/5 of U.S. land, 1/4 of population - early settlers came from Britain, Germany, Scandinavia Continued . . . NEXT

Agricultural and Industrial Heartland SECTION 3 continued The Midwest Agricultural and Industrial Heartland • Central location, soil, climate make it nation’s “breadbasket” because of its major agricultural production - corn, wheat, soy beans, meat, dairy; meat-packing, food-processing • Trade, distribution on Great Lakes, Mississippi, with Chicago as hub - cities near Great Lakes: Chicago, Cleveland, Detroit, Milwaukee - on rivers: Cincinnati, St. Louis, Minneapolis/St. Paul, Omaha Continued . . . NEXT

SECTION 3 The South The Region • The South—1/4 of U.S. land, more than 1/3 of population - site of much early colonial settlement - 11 states were once part of the Civil War Confederacy - Texas was in Confederacy, sometimes considered part of Southwest Continued . . . NEXT

The Old South • Virginia was England’s first American colony SECTION 3 continued The South The Old South • Virginia was England’s first American colony • South’s ethnic mix includes African descendants as a result of slavery Hispanics as a result of proximity to South/Central America • Once agricultural, rural; now rapidly changing, cities growing Continued . . . NEXT

SECTION 3 continued The South  The New South • Agriculture: cotton, tobacco, fruits, peanuts, rice, livestock • Energy resources and air conditioning boost industry in 1950s - “Sunbelt” attracts manufacturing, tourists, retirees - industries: petroleum, steel, chemicals, textiles, electronics • metropolitan areas—large cities and nearby suburbs, towns - Atlanta (hub); Miami, New Orleans, Houston, Dallas, San Antonio NEXT

SECTION 3 The West The Region • The West—from Great Plains to Pacific Ocean, plus Alaska and Hawaii - 1/2 of U.S. land, 1/5 of population - people settle where climate and landforms are most favorable Continued . . . NEXT