WORLD WAR II 1939-1945 CAUSES & EFFECTS.

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Presentation transcript:

WORLD WAR II 1939-1945 CAUSES & EFFECTS

CAUSES IN ASIA Militaristic Japan was overcrowded and needed raw materials Japan invaded Manchuria (NE China, industrial) in 1931; Fighting through 1938

CAUSES IN EUROPE Great Depression- Hitler blames Jews for economic troubles

CAUSES IN EUROPE 1933 Nazis control government and begin persecuting Jews; “Final Solution”- policy of mass extermination of Jews enacted by 1939

CAUSES IN EUROPE Rise of Fascism in Germany and Italy Fascism- emphasizes loyalty to the state, obedience to a leader, promise to revive economy, punish those who brought hard times, restore nation’s pride; extreme nationalism, uniforms common Fascism is not a clearly defined theory or program Mussolini in Italy; Hitler in Germany; Franco in Spain

CAUSES IN EUROPE Civil War in Spain- Hitler & Mussolini help Fascist leader Franco win Hitler and Mussolini’s desire to expand empires/conquer land Mussolini invaded Ethiopia

CAUSES IN EUROPE Germany, Italy, Japan became allies- Axis Powers Hitler invaded the Rhineland (on French border), then Czechoslovakia; annexes Austria (Anschluss)

CAUSES IN EUROPE Munich conference failed to appease Hitler Hitler invaded Poland (1939) Cartoon- David Low, Evening Standard (10th October, 1938)

WORLD WAR II (1939-1945) Allies (France, Great Britain, Soviet Union, U.S.) v. Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, Japan)

WORLD WAR II (1939-1945) 1939 Hitler (Germany) and Stalin (Soviet Union) sign a non-aggression pact- agreement to not fight each other (secretly agree to divide Poland) 1939 Germany invades Poland (blitzkrieg); Britain and France declare war on Germany

WORLD WAR II (1939-1945) 1940 France surrenders- Nazis occupy France Battle of Britain begins- Germany bombs Britain, fails to defeat Britain 1941 Germany invades Soviet Union- Soviet Union joins Allies

WORLD WAR II (1939-1945) 1941 Japanese attack Pearl Harbor, Hawaii- U.S. enters war 1942 Allies invaded North Africa 1943 Germans surrendered at Stalingrad (Soviet Union)

WORLD WAR II (1939-1945) June 1944 D-Day - Allies invade France and defeat Germans Dec. 1944 Battle of the Bulge- Allies invade and occupy Germany Hitler died: http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,902253,00.html May 1945 Germany surrenders- war ends in Europe

WORLD WAR II (1939-1945) Aug. 1945 U.S. drops atomic bombs on Japan- Hiroshima and Nagasaki Sept. 1945 Japan surrenders- war ends in Asia

EFFECTS Holocaust- Six million Jews die in death camps and Nazi massacres

EFFECTS Japanese Americans are imprisoned in internment camps 1941-1946 (30,00+) Atomic bombs in Japan kill 110,500 60 million dead total from war; 50 million uprooted from their homes Billions of dollars in property damage

EFFECTS Communist Parties grow in France and Italy Nuremberg Trials- charge 22 Nazi leaders with war crimes; 12 sentenced to death U.S. occupies and demilitarizes Japan; Japan adopts new constitution

EFFECTS U.S. and the Soviet Union compete to influence and rebuild Europe Cold War- period of conflict between U.S. and the Soviet Union 1949-1991