Propaganda

Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda –Assertions in Media Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model) –Omissions in Media

Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda –Assertions in Media –Targeted Messages Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model) –Omissions in Media

Propaganda has Two Types: Simple Propaganda –Assertions in Media –Targeted Messages –Purposeful Transmission Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model) –Omissions in Media –Non-Transmission Purposeful Non-Purposeful

Simple Propaganda “Propaganda is a systematic form of purposeful persuasion that attempts to influence the emotions, attitudes, opinions, and actions of specified target audiences for ideological, political or commercial purposes through the controlled transmission of one- sided messages (which may or may not be factual) via mass and direct media channels.” Richard Alan Nelson, A Chronology and Glossary of Propaganda in the United States, 1996

Simple Propaganda

Obama Girl

Simple Propaganda

Simple Propaganda?

Are Either of these Propaganda?

Simple Propaganda

Singular Existential Threat ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

“The art of leadership, as displayed by really great popular leaders in all ages, consists in consolidating the attention of the people against a single adversary and taking care that nothing will split up that attention into sections. The more the militant energies of the people are directed towards one objective the more will new recruits join the movement, attracted by the magnetism of its unified action, and thus the striking power will be all the more enhanced.” —Hitler in Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Singular Existential Threat “The leader of genius must have the ability to make different opponents appear as if they belonged to the one category; for weak and wavering natures among a leader's following may easily begin to be dubious about the justice of their own cause if they have to face different enemies.” —Hitler in Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Accusations are Reflections “As a general principle, Jewry carries on its campaign in the various countries by the use of arguments that are best calculated to appeal to the mentality of the respective nations and are most likely to produce the desired results; for Jewry knows what the public feeling is in each country.” —Hitler in Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Omnipresent Enemy “Hence it is that at the present time the Jew is the great agitator for the complete destruction of Germany. Whenever we read of attacks against Germany taking place in any part of the world the Jew is always the instigator.” —Hitler in Mein Kampf (My Struggle)

Anti-Americanism (as global propaganda)

A Sad Story: “America must be behind it…”

Systemic Propaganda (Propaganda Model)

How many Iraqi civilians have died in the Iraq War? 9,000 50,000 92, , ,000 1,033,000 (total: civilians, soldiers, insurgents)

How many Iraqi civilians have died in the Iraq War? 9,000 50,000 92,000 (Iraq Body Count) 151,000 (WHO, 2008) 655,000 (John Hopkins University, 2006) 1,033,000 (ORB survey of Iraq War casualties)

How many U.S. soldiers died in Vietnam? 6,000 58, , , ,000

How many U.S. soldiers died in Vietnam? 6,000 58, , , ,000

But what has been omitted from these numbers?

The Propaganda Model Systemic biases in the mass media Explains them in terms of structural economic causes Noam Chomsky and Edward S. Herman

The Propaganda Model: The Five Filters Ownership of the medium Medium's funding sources Sourcing Flak Anti-communist ideology

The Propaganda Model: The Five Filters Ownership of the medium –Corporations –To survive they must maximize profit and thus sacrifice news objectivity

The Propaganda Model: The Five Filters Ownership of the medium Medium's funding sources –Advertising –Interests of advertisers come before reporting the news –the news itself is nothing more than "filler" to get privileged readers to see the advertisements

The Propaganda Model: The Five Filters Ownership of the medium Medium's funding sources Sourcing –Need for continuous flow of information –Government bodies provide them with facilities in which to gather give journalists advance copies of speeches and forthcoming reports schedule press conferences to meet news deadlines Media savvy language

The Propaganda Model: The Five Filters Ownership of the medium Medium's funding sources Sourcing Flak –negative responses to a media statement or program En masse White House Political Campaigns

The Propaganda Model: The Five Filters Ownership of the medium Medium's funding sources Sourcing Flak Anti-communist ideology –anti-ideology –exploit fear and hatred of nemesis fundamentally compromised due to fall of USSR –Replaced with anti-terrorism

Is Wikipedia Propaganda? What we are witnessing today, is the alarming rise of the fallacy of the infallible collective. Numerous elite organizations have been swept off their feet by the idea. They are inspired by the rise of the Wikipedia, by the wealth of Google and by the rush of entrepreneurs to be the most Meta. Government agencies, top corporate planning departments and major universities have all gotten the bug. This is digital Maoism. —Jaron Lanier

What Media is Not Propaganda? Newspapers? Which ones? TV news? TV shows? Hollywood fictional films? Blogs? Wikipedia? Google search results? Personal communication?