Hahn and Strassmann’s discovery Fermi discovers that neutrons are the way to go, and discovers many nuclear reactions In 1938, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann.

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Presentation transcript:

Hahn and Strassmann’s discovery Fermi discovers that neutrons are the way to go, and discovers many nuclear reactions In 1938, Otto Hahn and Fritz Strassmann discover that Uranium will split in half: n U ---> Ba Kr + 3n (typical) The reaction releases 200 MeV The neutrons released could trigger further fission

Hahn and Strassmann’s discovery Scientists begin to realize that a chain reaction could lead to a very powerful explosion Demo - critical mass…

Einstein’s Letter to Roosevelt In Summer 1939, US has no atomic energy program Hitler has halted sales of Czech Uranium Hitler classifies all nuclear research Hungarian Physicist Leo Szilard (and many others) worried Cannot convince Fermi Turns to Einstein Einstein returns from vacation, and writes a letter to Roosevelt

Einstein is a pacifist Einstein fears Hitler

US starts 1 day before Pearl Harbor bombing. (2 1 / 2 years later)

The Manhattan Project Started in 1942 in Los Alamos NM Unprecedented rush to make a bomb Basic concept - Combining two sub critical masses: Explosive Uranium 235 Tube Separating U 235 from 238 by gaseous diffusion at Oak Ridge Feynman and the chemical engineer

Hiroshima and Nagasaki TOC At 8:15, August 6, 1945 The U.S. detonated a Uranium Fission bomb 1,900 feet above the city of Hiroshima. Near the end of WWII, the US had been bombing nearly every major city in Japan. For some reason, Hiroshima and Nagasaki had been spared. They had become refugee centers for those displaced by bombing elsewhere.

The devastation was nearly complete

About 100,000 people died immediately..

45,000 more died later from the radiation

People were killed, and all the people who knew them as well

3 days later, we dropped another bomb on the city of Nagasaki, killing 74,000 people,

This bomb was a plutonium bomb

Nagasaki’s rugged topography protected larger parts of the city from the direct blast.

Emperor Hirohito surrendered on September 2 Hindsight vs. foresight…