MIGRATION  WHAT IS IT?  GEOGRAPHIC  MOVEMENT  CHANGES PEOPLE, PLACES  DIFFUSION  SPATIAL INTERACTIONS  CONNECTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS  MOBILITY, FROM LOCAL TO GLOBAL, FROM DAILY TO ONCE IN A LIFETIME  WE ALL LEAVE HOME!

 Human migration is physical movement by humans from one area to another, sometimes over long distances or in large groups. The movement of populations in modern times has continued under the form of both voluntary migration within one's region, country, or beyond, and involuntary migration (which includes the slave trade, and ethnic cleansing). involuntary migration slave tradeethnic cleansing involuntary migration slave tradeethnic cleansing

TYPES OF MOVEMENT  CYCLIC, SHORTER PERIODS AWAY FROM HOME; *ACTIVITY SPACES *ACTIVITY SPACES *COMMUTING *COMMUTING *SEASONAL *SEASONAL *NOMADISM *NOMADISM  PERIODIC, LONGER PERIODS *MIGRANT LABOR *MIGRANT LABOR *TRANSHUMANCE-PASTORAL FARMING *TRANSHUMANCE-PASTORAL FARMING *COLLEGE *COLLEGE *MILITARY SERVICE *MILITARY SERVICE  MIGRATION, PERMANENCE  *RELOCATION ACROSS DISTANCE  *INTERNATIONAL (TRANSNATIONAL, ACROSS BORDERS) *EMIGRANT (ONE WHO MIGRATES OUT) TO IMMIGRANT (ONE *EMIGRANT (ONE WHO MIGRATES OUT) TO IMMIGRANT (ONE MIGRATES IN) MIGRATES IN) *EMIGRATION SUBTRACTS FROM TOTAL POP. WHILE IMMIGRATION *EMIGRATION SUBTRACTS FROM TOTAL POP. WHILE IMMIGRATION ADDS TO TOTAL POP. ADDS TO TOTAL POP. *INTERNAL MIGRATION *INTERNAL MIGRATION

THINKING ACTIVITY  CHOOSE A TYPE OF CYCLIC OR PERIODIC MOVEMENT. THEN THINK OF A SPECIFIC EXAMPLE OF THE KIND OF MOVEMENT. DETERMINE HOW THIS MOVEMENT CHANGES BOTH THE HOME AND THE DESTINATION. HOW DO THESE PLACES CHANGE AS A RESULT OF THIS CYCLIC OR PERIOD MOVEMENT?

WHY DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?  FORCED MIGRATION - IMPOSTION OF POWER FOR MOVEMENT *EX., ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE *EX., ATLANTIC SLAVE TRADE BRITISH CONVICTS TO AUSTRALIA, USA AND NATIVE AMERICAN REMOVALS, USSR PURGES  VOLUNTARY MIGRATION – MOVEMENT AFTER OPTIONS/CHOICES *EX., EUROPEAN MIGRATION *EX., EUROPEAN MIGRATION TO USA, 19 TH AND 20 TH CEN., TO USA, 19 TH AND 20 TH CEN., EXCEPT IRISH EXCEPT IRISH

 THE DECISION TO MIGRATE HAPPENS WITHIN A HOUSEHOLD, PLACE, NATION, REGION, AND WORLD, EACH WITH ITS DYNAMICS.

WHY? REASONS  RAVENSTEIN, UK DEMOGRAPHER AND LAWS OF MIGRATION  1.EVERY MIGRATION FLOW GENERATES A RETURN OR COUNTER-MIGRATION  2.MAJORITY OF MIGRANTS MOVE A SHORT DISTANCE.  3.MIGRANTS WHO MOVE LONG DISTANCES TEND TO MOVE TO URBAN AREAS.  4.URBAN RESIDENTS ARE LESS MIGRATORY THAN RURAL RESIDENTS.  5.FAMILIES ARE LESS LIKELY TO MAKE INTERNATIONAL MOVES THAN YOUNG ADULTS.

PUSH AND PULL FACTORS  RAVENSTEIN’S GRAVITY MODEL, RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PLACES BASED ON POP. SIZE AND DISTANCE BETWEEN THEM.  THE NUMBER OF MIGRANTS TO A PLACE DECLINES AS DISTANCE OF TRAVEL INCREASES.  PUSH-CONDITIONS WHICH FORCE MIGRANT TO LEAVE  PULL-CONDITIONS WHICH ATTRACT MIGRANT TO GO ELSEWHERE  RELATED TO PULL IS DISTANCE DECAY, WHICH IS RELATED TO DISTANCE, THE GREATER THE DISTANCE, THE LESS INTERACTION.  ANOTHER FACTOR, INTERVENING OPPORTUNITY, STATES NEARER OPPORTUNITY DIMINISHES FARTHER AWAY SITES.  STEP MIGRATION, STAGES OF MIGRATION  CHAIN MIGRATION, PREPARATION FOR FAMILY MIGRATION RESULTING IN POSSIBLE IMMIGRATION WAVES  EX., GREAT MIGRATION, USA, EARLY 1900S

TYPES OF PUSH AND PULL  1.LEGAL STATUS DEPORTATION DEPORTATION 2.ECO. CONDITIONS 3.POWER RELATIONSHIPS GENDER, ETHNICITY, MONEY FACTORS GENDER, ETHNICITY, MONEY FACTORS4.POLITICS 5.CONFLICT AND CIVIL WAR 6.ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 7.CULTURE AND TRADITIONS 8.TECHNOLOGY

WHERE DO PEOPLE MIGRATE?  WHAT ARE MIGRANTS’ DESTINATIONS?  MIGRATION FLOWS  1.GLOBAL  2.REGIONAL  3.NATIONAL

 Net migration rate showing positive, negative and 0 (=N/A), based on CIA factbook data, accessed April 2006 CIA factbookCIA factbook

GLOBAL, AFTER 1500  EURO COLONIZATION  FLOWS  1.FROM EUR TO N. AM.  2.FROM S. EUR TO MID. AND S. AM.  3.FROM GB AND IRE TO AF AND AUS  4.FROM AF TO NEW WORLD, SLAVERY  5.FROM INDIA TO E. AF, SE ASIA, WEST INDIES

REGIONAL  NATION TO NATION  WHY?  1.ECO ISLANDS OF DEVELOPMENT ISLANDS OF DEVELOPMENT (ECO. ACT, JOBS, INFRASTRUCTURE) (ECO. ACT, JOBS, INFRASTRUCTURE) EX., EUR COL IN AFRICAN COASTAL CITIES, AND CHINESE TO SE ASIA EX., EUR COL IN AFRICAN COASTAL CITIES, AND CHINESE TO SE ASIA  2.CUL. CONNECTIVITY JEWS IN THE MID. EAST, ISRAEL JEWS IN THE MID. EAST, ISRAEL 3.FLEE CONFLICT 3.FLEE CONFLICT GERMAN MIGRATION AFTER WW II GERMAN MIGRATION AFTER WW II

NATIONAL  INTERNAL MIGRATION  EX., USA, POP MOVEMENT W. AND S.; BLACK MIGRATION FROM S TO N THEN BACK S  RUSSIA, W. TO E.

REFUGEES  1951, REFUGEE CONVENTION  “A PERSON WHO HAS A WELLFOUNDED FEAR OF BEING PERSECUTED FOR REASONS OF RACE, RELIGION, NATIONALITY, MEMBERSHIP OF A PARICULAR SOCIAL GROUP, OR POLITICAL OPINION”  ASYLUM, RIGHT TO PROTECTION IN FIRST NATION  REPATRIATION, RETURN TO HOMELAND  INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS, IDPs

 LARGEST SPATIAL AREAS OF REFUGEES  1.SUBSAHARAN AFRICA  2.SW ASIA AND N. AF

1.SUBSAHARAN AFRICA  EX. SUDAN, DARFUR REGION, NW  THE ARAB, ISLAMIC GOVT IN THE N. BEGAN A CAMPAIGN OF GENOCIDE AGAINST NON ARAB, DARK-SKINNED AFRICANS IN THE S., ALSO FUNDING THE REBEL MILITIA GROUP, THE JAJAWEED.  POSSIBLY 500,000 DEATHS, 2.5 MIL DISPLACED  ABOVE HELPS UNDERSTAND COMPLEX POL. CONFLICT AND MIGRATION FLOWS IN SUBSAHARAN AF.

2.NORTH AFRICA AND SOUTHWEST ASIA  REGION OF LONGEST-LASTING REFUGEE PROBLEMS  EX…  ISRAEL…DISPLACED ?  IRAQ…DISPLACED ?  JORDAN AND SYRIA… DISPLACED ?  IRAN AND PAKISTAN…DISPLACED ?