WWII

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Introduction: Most devastating war in human history 55 million dead 1 trillion dollars Began in 1939 as strictly a European Conflict Widened to include most of the world

Causes Great Depression Rise of Fascist dictators WWI and Treaty of Versailles Germany had to pay reparations and “war guilt” clause. Italy denied territories it wanted Failure of League of Nations Policy of Appeasement World Domination-Extreme Nationalism Japan victorious but wanted China Germany wanted to created a “Third Reich” an empire to last 1,000 years

Rise of Hitler Nazi Party organized, 1920s Nazi party largest in Germany, 1932 Hitler voted as chancellor, 1933 New parliament created 450, 000 members Larger than German army

German Territorial Gains Austria – March, 1938 Munich Pact gives part of Czechoslovakia (Sudetenland) – Sept., 1938 All of Czechoslovakia – March, 1939 Poland – Sept., 1939 By Summer of 1940, Germany Controlled Most of Europe World shocked as France falls to Germans

Significant Events of World War II Dates and Events that changed the world

8 Major Leaders Axis Powers Adolf Hitler Nazi Germany Benito Mussolini Italy Hideki Tojo Japan Emperor Hirohito Japan

10 Major Leaders Allies Franklin Delano Roosevelt US President Joseph Stalin Soviet Leader Winston Churchill British Prime Minister

11 Major Leaders

Harry S. Truman US President

September 1, 1939 Germany invades Poland using the Blitzkrieg (“lightning war”) England and France, declare war on Germany United States again chooses isolationism and neutrality

Blitzkrieg

Fall of France 1940

May 10, 1940 Fall of France France surrenders June 25 Total Victory for Germany except for: “Miracle at Dunkirk” –Germany does not attack with army –Allows most of the British forces to escape and fight again another day

July 1940 The Battle of Britain 9 month air war between Luftwaffe and RAF Germany suffers a major defeat

Reason’s for British victory: RADAR Over home soil More gas/time to fight Easier to save pilots Germans change tactics Attack English cities Stop attacks on English air force

December 7, 1941 “… a date which will live in infamy.” Japan sneak attacks Pearl Harbor on Sunday morning 18 ships sunk or badly damaged 188 planes destroyed and 159 damaged 2403 U.S. Military killed (1102 Arizona) & 1178 wounded America enters war with Allies

Damages

Pearl Harbor Dec. 7, 1941 USS Arizona

Allies United: U.S.S.R, The U.S., and England.

1942: The Tide Turns Battle of Midway –Resounding U.S. Naval Victory over Japan in Pacific Battle of El-Alamein –Resounding British Army Victory over Germany and Italy in Africa Battle of Stalingrad –Resounding Soviet Army Victory over Germany in USSR

September 1943 Italy signs armistice with Allies (1 st Axis country to leave war) Germans disarm their allies and take over military defenses Germany continues to fight in Italy until 1945

June 6, 1944 D-Day of Operation Overlord Led by Supreme Allied Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower Nearly 250,000 men and boys participated in the invasion of Normandy region of France The battle for the beachhead lasted nearly 2 months This was the beginning of the end for Hitler and Germany

Normandy Invasion, D-Day

D-Day Landing on Normandy Beach

December 1944 – January 1945 The Battle of the Bulge Hitler’s army had broken through the allied line creating a bulge. U.S. and allied troops had pushed back the bulge by mid January. Germany last desperate attack to win the war

Spring 1945 April 12 FDR dies in office April 30 th – Hitler commits suicide May 7 th – Germany formally surrenders Gen. Eisenhower: “The mission of this allied force was fulfilled at 0241 local time, May 7 th 1945.” May 8 th – V-E (Victory in Europe) Day declared

August 1945 America’s secret development of the A-Bomb = “Manhattan Project” President Harry S. Truman and U.S. drop 1 st atomic bomb on Hiroshima killing 80,000 people (“Little Boy”)

August 9 th U.S. drops 2 nd atomic bomb of Nagasaki killing 70,000 people (“Fat Man”) August 1945

August 15th  Japan surrenders on battleship U.S.S. Missouri  V-J Day (Victory over Japan) Declared August 1945

Results of World War II America gets out of the Great Depression Introduction of weapons of mass destruction (nuclear weapons) Start of Cold War United Nations formed (new and improved League of Nations) Israel established as country for all Jews

Related Websites World War II Timeline tart.html National World War II Memorial National D-Day Museum

Hitler Gets Busy Gestapo Created -- April, 1933 Jewish Boycott – April, 1933 Jewish Books Banned & Burned – May, ,000 People in Camps – July, 1933 Kristallnacht (“Night of the Broken Glass”) – November 1938 Illegal to Leave Germany – October, 1941 French and Britain unsure U.S. isolationist

February, March, & April 1942 February 19 th – Executive Order 9066 Internment of 110,000 Japanese Americans in 48 states (California) April 18 th – Doolittle Raid 16 B-25 bombers from the USS Hornet fly 666 miles to bomb Tokyo. April – Bataan Death March ,000 Filipinos & U.S. Dead 5000 U.S. died in Camps. Japan never ratified 1929 Geneva Agreement