3.02 The Information Superhighway Unit 3 Internet Basics 3.02 The Information Superhighway

Introduction In Lesson 3.01, you learned that computers are networked so that they can share data, programs, and devices. A computer network may be small or it may be large; the largest network known to us, of course, is the Internet. The World Wide Web is the collection of information that is available through the use of the Internet.

Introduction Computers are organized and located on a network through their IP addresses. Just like you have a home address where you can receive snail mail, your computer’s IP address allows email to find you. When a web page is uploaded through a file server, the server computer’s IP address becomes part of that website’s URL address. Because numbers are difficult to remember, most host computers apply for a domain name for their IP address.

Introduction At the end of this lesson, you will be able to: Describe networked computer functions (ACOS #1.B1) Identify the parts of a URL Apply Boolean logic to narrow Internet searches Distinguish between search box and address box

Lesson: Untangling the Web Computer Addresses Known as Uniform Resource Locators (URL) Organizes computers on the Internet No two computers have the same URL address Enables computers to be located

Lesson: Untangling the Web Parts of the URL Protocol Machine Address (a name for its IP number) Host computer, which is Web server They accept requests from Web browsers Folders That need to be opened To locate exact file being requested Slashes (/) represent folders Last part is the actual filename followed by file extension identifying the file as an HTML file The basic structure of a URL is: protocol://server-name.domain-name/directory/filename

Lesson: Untangling the Web What is a Domain Name? Gives a name to the server computer’s IP number It identifies the computer that is a server Have to apply for a domain name With Internet provider So that no machines can have the same address A country code is sometimes, but not always, included Example: .ac.ukindicates that it’s located on an academic server in the United Kingdom Many U.S. servers do not have the country code in their UR

Lesson: Untangling the Web Misc. In the URL, a tilde ~ usually indicated a personal web directory rather than being part of the organization's official web site. Slashes (/) represent directories Generally speaking, the more directories, the more complex the site Domain and server names not always good clues about the source of information People can call their servers any name they wish

Lesson: Searching the World Wide Web The Difference Between Search Box and Address Box There are two text boxes at the top of Web browsers; be sure to key into the correct box If you know an exact URL address, key it in the Address Box If you do not know an exact URL address and know only a topic that you want to search, key that search topic in the Search Box

Lesson: Searching the World Wide Web The Difference Between Directories and Search Engines Directories are human-compiled Example: Yahoo Search Engines are machine-compiled and has more content than Directories Example: Google

Lesson: Searching the World Wide Web Be as specific as possible Because in broad searches, you will be overwhelmed with information To narrow down searches Use operators such as + and -between your search words Use AND, OR, NOT between search words To look for exact words in order, enclose them in “ “.

Lesson: Searching the World Wide Web Boolean Searching OR can be used to search for synonymous terms or concepts. AND will retrieve records in which BOTH of the search terms are present NOT excludes records from your search results

Lesson: Searching the World Wide Web Now let’s see if you can identify the parts of a URL, a Web site, and an e-mail message. Go to Wisc-Online: Internet Components. Enter your first and last name Complete Internet Components Skills Check 3 Take a screenshot once you complete it Save to your F Drive in your Unit 3 Folder as 3.02 Skills Check 3

Lesson: Boolean Logic Much Internet database searching is based on the principles of Boolean logic. Boolean logic refers to the relationship among search words, and is named for the British-born Irish mathematician George Boole. It is a way of revising your searches so that you will not be overwhelmed with information. A Boolean search consists of three logical operators: OR AND NOT

Lesson: Boolean Logic Learn more about narrowing your Internet searches, Go to: Internet Tutorials: Boolean Searching on the Internet. Scroll down to the bottom of the page Take a screenshot of Quick Comparison Chart: Full Boolean vs. Implied Boolean vs. Search Form Save to your F Drive in your Unit 3 Folder as 3.02 Boolean QC Chart

Lesson: Side Trip You learned in Unit 1 that the “Brain” of your computer is the Central Processing Unit, and you have just completed the Computer Networking section.

Lesson: Side Trip Have you ever thought about “how you think”?

Lesson: Side Trip The Internet is a network of hyperlinked documents and your brain is a network of thoughts and ideas.

Lesson: Side Trip Have you ever thought about something and that led you to think about something else — and that process continues until you end up thinking about something not at all related to your original thought?

Lesson: Side Trip Well, that is how our brain works—it is a network of 100 billion nerve cells called neurons that act much like the electrical signals in your computer. Thoughts are networked together.

Lesson: Side Trip That is why your teachers have you study concept maps. A concept map is a special form of a web diagram for exploring knowledge and gathering and sharing information. A concept map consists of nodes or cells that contain a concept, item or question and links (like hyperlinks). The links are often labeled and they explain the relationship between the nodes. How much do you know about your brain? Take the How Stuff Works Brain Quiz and find out. Take a screenshot at the end of the quiz after you click on See Results Save to your F Drive Unit 3 Folder as 3.02 How Stuff Works Brain Quiz

Summary If you know a particular website’s URL, you can key that into the address box. If you do not know the URL address, then conduct an Internet search using the search box. When searching on the Internet, use techniques, such as the Boolean operators OR, AND, NOT, to narrow your searches so that you will not be overwhelmed with “hits”.

Task Conduct an Internet search of Tim Berners Lee. How many results did you find? Now, revise your search and in the search box beside Tim Berners Lee, add the following NOT boolean operators: NOT invented NOT Web NOT hyperlinks. Your search should read as follows: Tim Berners Lee NOT invented NOT Web NOT hyperlinks How many search results are reported now? Explain in your own words how a computer network is like your brain (Hint: Slide 18 & 20).

Task 1 Continued Answer the 2 questions below as well. How are computers located on a network? You are interested in radiation but not nuclear radiation. Using Boolean Logic, how would you enter that into the search box? Type out the questions and your answers to all 5 questions in complete sentences using proper English. Save to your F Drive in your Unit 3 Folder as 3.02 Searching the Web Dropbox.

So, are you finished? Are you finished? You should have 7 things saved on your F Drive in your Unit 3 Folder. 3.01 Network Tutorial 3.01 How Networks Work 3.01 History and Internet Dropbox 3.02 Skills Check 3 3.02 Boolean QC Chart 3.02 How Stuff Works Brain Quiz 3.02 Searching the Web Dropbox. So, are you finished?