Writing a Research Paper Brian M Conley

Title: I. Introduction Topic: Question: Introductory Literature Review: (Introduce Schools of Thought) Thesis: (Argument): Hypothesis: Roadmap: II. Literature Review Review Schools of Thought III. Research Design IV. Argument/Analysis V. Conclusion

Assignment One: Title: Trashy Language: Assessing the Impact of Lobbyist-Proposed Legislative Language on State E-Waste Policy Introduction Topic: The Impact of Lobbyist-Proposed Legislative Language on State Electronic Waste Policy Question: What role does lobbyist-proposed legislative language have on the ability of a lobbying interest to influence legislative outcomes, and thus win in competition with other interest groups? Statement of Sources

Assignment Two: Literature Review Write a critical review of the academic literature that relates to your research topic. The review should address at least three scholarly works that touch upon your topic. It should be a minimum of three pages in length, and not more than eight.

Assignment Three: Outline There are three parts to this assignment: 1)Revise your research question (Assignment One) to include you a brief review of your literature and your thesis statement. 2)Write an outline of your paper; 3)Provide a bibliography of all the sources you have gathered thus far.

Title: Trashy Language: Assessing the Impact of Lobbyist-Proposed Legislative Language on State E-Waste Policy Introduction Topic: The Impact of Lobbyist-Proposed Legislative Language on State Electronic Waste Policy Question: What role does lobbyist-proposed legislative language have on the ability of a lobbying interest to influence legislative outcomes, and thus win in competition with other interest groups? Introductory Literature Review: (Introduce Schools of Thought) Exchange Theory: Lobbying influences legislative action either through an exchange of contributions, financial or otherwise for votes. Persuasion Theory: Lobbying influences legislative action by way of information- based strategic persuasion. Limitations: The role of lobbyist-proposed legislative language, as a form of persuasion has not been systematically analyzed.

Writing a Research Paper Thesis: (Argument): The use of specific legislative language by lobbyists does have a significant influence on legislative outcomes. Hypothesis: It is my contention that lobbyists who provide legislators with language that a lawmaker see as “constructive,” or more or less trustworthy and intended to further rather than destroy filed legislation are more likely to influence legislators and thus win in competition with other interest groups. Roadmap: Outline Paper: Review Different Schools of Thought (Exchange and Persuasion)

Writing a Research Paper II. Literature Review School of Thought One: Exchange Theory Scholars: (Denzau and Munger 1986; Synder 1992; Hall and Deardorff 2006) Summary: According to exchange theories of interest group advocacy, lobbying involves a form of barter or trade between lobbyists and legislators. Critique: There are clear limits to exchange theories of lobbying, including questions relating to how implied contracts are enforced, and the frequency with lobbyists focus their attention on sympathetic rather than undecided legislators..

Writing a Research Paper II. Literature Review (continued) School of Thought Two: Persuasion Theory Scholars: (Hansen 1991; Austen-Smith and Wright 1994; Evans 1989) Summary: In persuasion models, lobbyists provide informational signaling in order to gain access to legislators and persuade them of the benefits of a particular policy course. Critique: (Optional) Support: Persuasion arguments have helped account for not only how, but why influence does or does not occur. Transitional Paragraph:

Writing a Research Paper III: Argument/Analysis Research Design: Panel Study To measure the comparative impact of a language-based strategy, I conducted a pre and post-test/panel study of filed and finalized, passed and amended e-waste legislation in each of the states (19 in total) that have passed such laws that include TVs since Scoring: To measure the before and after effects of a language strategy in each state, I scored the favorability of all e-waste legislation on a five point scale based on both its similarity to market share requirements, and the stated preferences of legacy TV lobby. (Best: Success) (Worst: Failure) Market share Placeholder Bills Flat Fees Weight of Product Return Share

Writing a Research Paper IV: Conclusion: Review/Restate Overall Argument

Citation Guide Prof. Brian Conley Suffolk University

Citation Guide Books: Structure: Last name, first name (each author). Date. Publication title. City: Publisher. Example: Cosgrove, Kenneth Branded Conservatives. New York: Peter Lang. Edited Book. Structure: Last name, first name. eds. Date. Publication title. City: Publisher. Example: Goodman, Jeffrey and James Jasper. eds The Social Movement Reader. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Citation Guide Articles: Structure: Last name, first name (each author). Date. “Article title.” Journal title. Volume number: Page range. Example: Aldrich, John “A Dynamic Model of Presidential Nomination Campaigns.” American Political Science Review 74: Article in Edited Book: Structure: Last name, first name. Date. “Article title.” In Publication title, ed. Editors. City: Publisher. Example: Tilly, Charles “Defining Social Movements.” In The Social Movement Reader, ed. Jeffrey Goodman and James Jasper. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Citation Guide Electronic Sources: Books: Structure: Last name, first name (each author). Date. Publication title. City: Publisher. Database (date accessed). Example: Singer, Audrey, Susan Wiley Hardwick, and Caroline B. Brettell, eds Twenty-First Century Gateways: Immigrant Incorporation in Suburban America. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. (August 11, 2009).

Citation Guide Electronic Sources: Articles: Structure: Last name, first name. Date. “Article title.” Journal title. Volume number: Page range. Database (date accessed). Example: Brzoska, Michael “From Dumb to Smart? Recent Reforms of U.N. Sanctions.” Global Governance 9 (October-December): Academic Search Premier (September 27, 2005).

Citation Guide Electronic Sources: Newspaper Articles: Structure: Last name, first name. Date. “Article title.” Newspaper title. date: URL. (date accessed). Example: Balz, Dan ”Mixed Reviews for Clinton in Iowa.” Washington Post, January dyn/content/article/2007/01/28/AR html (January 29, 2007).

Citations: In-Text Example: No Quoted material: Author, Name Date Tony Blair’s leadership, first within the party, and then as Prime Minister was also shaped by an ongoing effort to rebrand the Labour Party in the early 1990s (Gould 1998; Lilleker 2005; White and de Chernatony 2002). Example: Author Name, no Quoted material: Date As Cosgrove (2007) notes, the branding of the Republican Party was initially promoted by party conservatives, and the brand’s institutonalization within the party in many ways parallels the rise of the Republican right in the 1980s and 1990s. Example: Author name, Quoted Material: Date, Page number “In the Democratic Party power flows upward,” Freeman explains, while “in the Republican Party power flows downward” (1986, 328).

Citations: In-Text Example: Author Name, no Quoted material: Date As Cosgrove (2007) notes, the branding of the Republican Party was initially promoted by party conservatives, and the brand’s institutonalization within the party in many ways parallels the rise of the Republican right in the 1980s and 1990s. Example: Author name, Quoted Material: Date, Page number “In the Democratic Party power flows upward,” Freeman explains, while “in the Republican Party power flows downward” (1986, 328).