Powers of government divided on a territorial basis National (Central government) Regional governments (50 states)

 Expressed – Article I Section 8  Implied – “necessary and proper” pg. 313  Inherent  Regulation of immigration  Deportation of aliens  Acquire territory  Grant diplomatic recognition  Protect nation from rebellion or insurrection

 Licensing  Education  Set legal age  Conduct elections  Enact land use codes – zoning  Regulate services  Police  Establish local governments

 Control interstate trade/commerce  Coin money  Make treaties  Tax imports

 Collect taxes  Borrow money  Establish courts  Define crimes and punishments  Protect the environment  Set health standards  Establish police forces  Protect national borders

 Read excerpt pg. 101  McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)  Facts:  Issue:  Outcome:  Significance:

1. Competition between state/national strengthens government system. 2. Allows “experimentation” and reform policies to be tried on smaller scale first. 3. Provides opportunity for citizens to exercise political power. 4. Encourages duplication of services. 5. Allows states to block actions of national government 6. Enhances political flexibility 7. Promotes individual liberty 8. May result in unequal opportunities between states. 9. Stimulates citizen interest in government and civic duty 10. Makes “government” a confusing process to understand.