origins, evolution, current status, management and perspectives of the SciELO network of open access collections of Ibero-America journals Abel L Packer SciELO Operational Coordinator BIREME/PAHO/WHO, Director Scientific Electronic Library Online BIREME – Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences / Pan American Health Organization / World Health Organization CODATA Strategies for Open and Permanent Access to Scientific Information in Latin America: Focus on Health and Environment Information for Sustainable Development, Atibaia, São Paulo, 8-10 May 2007 as a model for scientific communication in developing countries

Latin America, Caribbean Portugal & Spain English Portuguese Spanish geographic languages SciELO Geographic and Language Coverage

Source: Ricyt, 2006 L&C articles in SCI-Exp, % world articles % LA&C articles ~12% are published in LA&C journals Latin American and Caribbean Scientific Production ISI – Web of Sciences

Growth of publications, from 1994 (base 100) to 2003 Source: RiCYT, 2006,

LA&C publications indexed in international databases – 1994 and 2003 Source: RiCYT, 2006,

Country journals presence in JCR related to articles in the WoS ISI Thomsom Scientific, 2004 Edition, Rogerio Meneghini, Abel L. Packer, ,530 1,90 0,30 > 6,3

ISI-JCR 28 MEDLINE 65 SciELO 141 LILACS 690 total Structure of the indization of LAC journals 2004, BIREME/OPS/OMS

………. 4 …… 3 … 2 1 Impact Factor Distribution 2004, Distribution of impact factor of LA&C journals indexed in ISI JCR, Vicious circle

International system of scientific publication journals publishers Prestige pyramid impact factor ISI Thomson Scientific Authors/Evaluation systema adhere to

Vicious circle authors Impact factor publishers Career/ evaluation systems Four instances Production of journals in developing countries is perceived as secondary scientific endeavour

Articles indexed in SciELO Articles indexed in ISI SCIexp Indexed in Both ~55,000 articles with LA&C affiliation - projected for 2006 ~43,000 articles ~17,000 articles ~5,500 articles LA&C/ projected number of articles according indexing ~37,500 articles ~11,500 articles Indexed in Both Public Funding is provided for page charge for most of the articles and for most of the locally published journals

SciELO – Scientific Electronic Library Online Launched in Brazil in 1997 by a FAPESP-BIREME joint project FAPESP The State of São Paulo Research Foundation BIREME/PAHO/WHO Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences CNPq (since 2002) National Research Council Adopted by Chile in 1998 under the leadership of CONICyT CONICyT National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research Evolved networking national and thematic collections since – NIH Public Acces Policy 2003 – Directory of Open Acces Journal 2002 – HINARI 2001 – PLOS – Letter, Journal site in – PubMED Central BioMed Central 1999 – OAI 1998 – Virtual Health Library SciELO Brazil, Chile PubMED - MEDLINE with open access 1993 – Bioline International 1991 – arXiv OA - time line 2005 – NIH Public Acces Policy 2003 – Directory of Open Acces Journal 2002 – HINARI 2001 – PLOS – Letter, Journal site in – PubMED Central BioMed Central 1999 – OAI 1998 – Virtual Health Library SciELO Brazil, Chile PubMED - MEDLINE with open access 1993 – Bioline International 1991 – arXiv OA - time line

To improve quality of national and regional scholarly journals visibilility accesibilility quality credibility use impact Strategy: Publish collections of selected journals in open access mode with integrated measure of use and impact Select/Index quality journals complementing ISIS SCI and other international indexes Links from articles with national and international information sources Move journals from the status of local and regional towards the international flow of scientific information SciELO: Specific Objective Meta-publisher to promote improvement of journals quality

To improve quality of national and regional scholarly journals visibilility accesibilility quality credibility use impact Strategy: Publish collections of selected journals in open access mode with integrated measure of use and impact Select/Index quality journals complementing ISIS SCI and other international indexes Links from articles with national and international information sources Move journals from the status of local and regional towards the international flow of scientific information SciELO: Specific Objective Meta-publisher to promote improvement of journals quality Inter-operate with other networks Virtual Health Library Information and Knowledge for the management of science, technology and innovation Strategy: Network of National and thematic collections WHO is adopting the VHL Model for Global Health Library and ePORTUGUESe networks

Institutions involved directly or indirectly in the networks National and State Science Councils Universities, Faculties and Research Institutes Scientific Societies International Organizations National Academy of Sciences Ministries of Education, S & T and Health

SciELO is promoted, developed, managed and operated as a network of national and thematic collections of journals SciELO, March 2007 Open access – interoperable --- OAI protocol --- Web Services protocol Open access – interoperable --- OAI protocol --- Web Services protocol

Articles indexed in SciELO Articles indexed in ISI SCIexp Indexed in Both ~55,000 articles with LA&C affiliation - projected for 2006 ~43,000 articles ~17,000 articles ~5,500 articles LA&C/ projected number of articles according indexing

article SciELO Google Scholar etc. DOAJ OAI CV ScienTI World Cat SciELO PUBMED MEDLINE WoSLILACS maximize links – article as a portal 14%, February 2006 Top ten clicked, May 2006

1,000 10,000 50, , , ,000 1,000,000 3,000,000 6,000,000 10,000,000 Brazil

SciELO Chile – articles downloaded

Online inter-library loan

Typical week operation of SciELO Brasil 6 – 11 abril

Países que mais visitam – 6-11 abril

social sciences english edition public health English Spanish Portugues Brazil English Portuguese

social sciences english edition public health English Spanish Portugues Brazil English Portuguese

SciELO Brasil, 2006, Impact Factor Revista de Saúde Pública

SciELO Brazil – 2004: Top Journal Impact factor 3-year based

Fator de Impacto na Base ISI de Revistas SciELO que Estiveram Indexadas nas Bases SciELO e JCR desde 1998 até 2004

ISI JCR, SciELO Brazil journals, citatations received in ISI JCR in 1998 and 2003 ISI JCR, SciELO Brazil journals, impact factor in 1998 y 2003 and icrease in impact factor median of the journal category in ISI JCR

SciELO Brazil – collection development, 2006

SciELO Brazil – 20 titles most cited, julho 2006

JCR SciELO

cited citing SciELO Public Health – distribution of citations among journals , june2006

Impact Factor SciELO + ISI

maximize links – article as a portal services

Advancing …

ISI Thomson Scientific journals publishers Prestige pyramid impact factor ISI Thomson Scientific 1 Scopus Google Scholar SciELO

Articles indexed in SciELO Articles indexed in ISI SCIexp Indexed in Both SciELO Auto-Archive Repository Indexed in Both Same methodology --- markup --- links --- on the fly statistics of usage and impact common search 2

SciELO Brazil Open Access Is public funding of 1 million dollars per year worthwhile? 150 journals online, about $6,500 per journal per year 9,811 new articles, about $100 per new article per year 60,000 articles total, about $16 per article online per year 27 million articles downloaded, about 3.7 cents per download 2005 indicators Is it possible to become auto-sustainable ? 170 journals online, about $5,800 per journal per year 8,799 new articles, about $114 per new article per year 68,700 articles total, about $14,55 per article online per year 50 million articles downloaded, about 2 cents per download 2006 indicators Is it possible to become auto-sustainable ?

SciELO Open Access Mode Towards a sustainable framework Government science, technology and innovation agencies and programs Academic and scientific socities publishers Sponsors Authors Private publishers Brokers SciELO as a meta-publisher SciELO National Programs Public available services for electronic publishing to lessen radically costs. Phasing out public funding for paper publishing SciELO Autoarchive Repositories for peer-review articles published in non- SciELO journals Thank you ! 3

Open access in developing countries young moviment – even unknown ethical approach – results from research as public goods different models OA journasl, ex. SciELO strong local and regional reception prejudice persists internationally preferences of communities towards the globalization of scientific communication Internet