DUMBO: Digital Ubiquitous Mobile Broadband OLSR

Outline Disaster Emergency Network Vehicular Communication Available Technologies DUMBO DUMBO 2

Disaster Natural Tsunami, Nargis, Manmade Terrorist attack, Fire

Disaster (cont…) Consequences: Huge death Huge wounded Destroy surrounding (roads, buildings) Traditional communication infrastructure becomes inoperable Requirements: Rescue operation Co-ordination between the field worker and command center Emergency medical assistance

Emergency Network An emergency network: Fast deployable Without relying on the fixed infrastructure Provide multimedia communication (voice, video, text) Wide network coverage Available network devices (home appliances) Real-time monitoring systems Capable to move the network nodes independently within the network coverage

Emergency Network (cont…) Traditional Process: Usually the rescue worker uses walkie talkie while in rescue operation. But it has many demerits: Short range Collisions in communication (everybody uses the same channel) No video support No central monitoring systems to monitor the relative movement of the field worker

Vehicular Communication Vehicle to Vehicle Communication (V2V) Send and receive information between vehicles to vehicle Vehicle to Infrastructure Communication (V2I) Share information among the vehicles and the fixed infrastructure

Vehicular Communication (cont…)

Available Technologies Short RangeMedium RangeLong Range Bluetooth  100 Meters (Class 1)  10 Meters (Class 2)  1 Meter (Class 3)  1 Mbps (v1)  3Mbps (v2.0)  2.4 GHz Zigbee  GHz  MHz  MHz  10 – 100 Meters  Low Data Rate Wifi b/g/n  2.4 GHz  11 ~ 300 Mbps  30 ~ 200 Meters IEEE p C2C  5.9 GHz DSRC  US Flavored  a.k.a WAVE CALM  WAVE + Global 5 GHz  GPRS/UMTS Conn  EU Flavored EDGE  0.9 ~ 1.89 Mbps  Licensed Frequency CDMA 2000 EV-DO  Rev.0 153K ~ 2Mbps  Rev.A 1.8 ~ 3 Mbps  Licensed Frequency WiMax  10 ~ 70 Mbps  Licensed Frequency Expensive Infrastructure

Available Technologies (cont…) TETRA : Terrestrial Trunked Radio Special type of Mobile Walkie Talkie like service Low Throughput Fixed Infrastructure Expensive

DUMBO Use Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) in an environment where fixed network infrastructure is not available, such as in the case of natural disaster

DUMBO’06 Simulated Disaster Area 2 IP Star Uplink Simulated Head Command Center (AIT) Terrestrial Internet Simulated Disaster Area 1 IP Star Satellite IP Star Gateway Field Satellite Access MANET OLSR PDA Field Satellite Access MANET OLSR PDA sensor

DUMBO 2 Interconnectivity between Mobile Ad-hoc Network and Fixed infrastructure Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) communications with mixed vehicle types Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) Internet-like Gateway A newly revised Emergency Response Multimedia Communication Applications (P2P SIP) Real-time monitoring system for rescue worker’s movement.

DUMBO 2 (cont…)

Outline Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) Easy Disaster Communication (EasyDC)

IEEE Ad hoc networkInfrastructured network ABC

Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) Fast deployable Self configuring No need for network infrastructure Moving nodes Multi-hop network

MANET example B and D as intermediate nodes forward a packet to E Multi-hop network

MANET applications Military operations Sensor networks Rescue operations University Conferences

MANET characteristics Dynamic topology Limited bandwidth Energy constrained operation Limited physical security

MANET routing protocol Reactive routing Finding routes when needed (on demand) Proactive routing Maintaining all routes to reachable destinations (table- driven routing) Using continues control messages to set up routes Reactive Low routing overhead High delay of setting up a connection Proactive High routing overhead Low delay of setting up a connection

Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), RFC 3561 Finding routes when needed (on demand) Flooding a route request (RREQ) RREQ

Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV), RFC 3561 Finding routes when needed (on demand) A route reply is unicasted back RREP

Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR), RFC 3626 A table-driven routing protocol Using MultiPoint Relays (MPRs) to efficiently relay broadcast messages Three main modules Neighbor detection Topology discovery (via MPRs) Route calculation

OLSR packet format

1. Neighbor detection HELLO

Neighbor sensing HELLO Neighbor nodes of B A C D

Multipoint relay Reducing the number of duplicate retransmissions while forwarding a broadcast packet Limit the set of MPRs retransmitting a packet The number of MPRs should be small

Multipoint relay selection Each node selects and maintains its own MPRs “At A, For all two-hop neighbors n there must exist a MPR m so that n can be contacted via m”

Multipoint relay selection Each node selects and maintains its own MPRs “At A, For all two-hop neighbors n there must exist a MPR m so that n can be contacted via m”

The number of retransmissions with/without MPRs

Please find MPRs (1)

Please find MPRs (2)

Please find MPRs (3)

2. Flooding topology information without MPRs Neighbor nodes of B A C D

Flooding topology information with MPRs Neighbor nodes of B A C D

Route calculation B {A, C, D} D {B, E} Routing of A Dest.Next hopB CB DB EB Routing of D Dest.Next hop ABB CBE Routing of E Dest.Next hop AD BDCD

OLSR implementation olsr.org An ad hoc wireless mesh routing daemon Many OS platforms are supported Nokia, iPhone, Mac OS, Linux, Wins

OLSR for windows

Configured olsrd parameters HELLO interval HELLO hold TC interval TC hold MID interval MID hold More details no olsrd parameters

HELLO interval and hold

Reasonable HELLO interval In RFC 3626 HELLO interval = 2s TC interval = 5s The larger HELLO interval, the longer delay of neighbor detection OLSR on a vehicle HELLO interval should be small

Routes

Communication applications Existing communication applications, VoIP, require centralized servers The centralized architecture is not suitable for MANETs due to mobility

Using P2P on MANETs Operated

Easy Disaster Communication (EasyDC) Providing multimedia communications for an emergency operation Peer-to-peer (P2P) application where no a centralized server is needed Running on OLSR protocol

EasyDC login

Main screen

Group List

Video and chat

Audio and chat

Group chat

Emergency button

EasyDC setup Software setup 1. Install jre 6u6 2. Check the jre by opening command prompt and typing java -version. Please make sure the version is shown correctly. 3. Install JMF After that, run JMF Registry and click "Detect Capture Devices" 4.Setup ad hoc mode on wireless interface. Make sure that you use a correct given IP address. -To run software Double click MainStartup.bat in EasyDC folder -To run HQ software CenterStartup.bat

GPS Location (GLoc) Service A GPS receiver is connected to each node through Bluetooth. It receives the GPS information i.e. latitude and longitude of the mobile node Sends it to the Map server using DUMBO network. Map the position of all nodes comprising the network and send for better co-ordination and administration.

GPS Location (GLoc) Service (Cont..)

Objectives: Detects active links Monitors traffic flows through different links Provides metrics and statistics dynamically which demonstrates the link quality and system performance. OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System

OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

Features: Input parameters Output parameters Sniffer Graph Plot Analysis OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

Input parameters Shows the default OLSR parameters such as HELLO interval, TC interval, Hysteresis threshold limits etc. used for running the protocol. The parameter values can be changed. OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

Output Parameters Run Time Packet Analysis: Shows the list of neighbor nodes, Link failure, Packet loss, Packet loss rate, Delay and Current Node status. Run Time Message Analysis: It shows the list of nodes originating the OLSR message, Message loss, Message Loss rate, Hop Count and Control Overhead corresponding to each originator node. Run Time Average Figures: The section averages the values among all the nodes and shows the final figures at the run time. OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

Sniffer Captures the packets coming to the network interface. Shows the detail information of the packets captured and current performance status. The packet information consists of the time, source node generating packet, packet loss, packet loss rate, hop count, delay within the OLSR packet. Illustrates a broad picture of the packet information useful for user to observe the ongoing performance in detail. OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

Graph This section visualizes the network performance graphically at run time. User can select type of plot interested along with the necessary scale and tick steps. The system can generate different graphs for different parameters like Average Link Failure, Average Packet Loss etc., with respect to time. OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

Analysis Provides the user with the comparative analysis of the ongoing network performance. The criteria for the determination of the traffic level are: High – Above 75% of the highest Traffic Level Average – Between 75% to above 45% of the highest Traffic Level Low – Below or Equal to 45% of the highest Traffic OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

Help This section provides user with the general instruction for operating the system. User can exit from the plug-in by selecting “Exit” in the “File” option in the menu-bar. Besides, “About” option gives the brief information about the plug-in development. On exiting from plug-in, all the related threads are closed and stop the application. OLSR Link Monitoring (OLMon) System (Cont..)

MANET Configure

MANET Configure (cont…)

GPS Receiver Connection

GPS Receiver Connection (cont …)

DUMBO 2 Network Setup

DUMBO 2 Network Setup (cont…)

OLSR Over Network (OON) Sometimes, MANETs are connected to the Internet We create an overlay network covering both MANETs and the Internet EasyDC can run on top on this overlay network without being modified

OLSR overlay network

OON configuration Only fixed IP nodes exchange OLSR messages

An example