Early History of Europe

Classical Greece & Rome Both have made major contributions to the Western World even today

Classical Classical period : great achievements 800 B.C A.D Or Golden Age

Classical Greece Had been ruled by kings  City-states, or polis Created a government where the people are in direct control  What form of government did they create?

Democracy World First Democracy  Direct Democracy All citizens participate Who do you think was a citizen? What were their rights & responsibilities  United States Representative Democracy  Constitutional based Federal Republic with strong democratic traditions

Athens & Sparta 2 most powerful city-states in Greece Athens favored education  thinking/philosophy Sparta favored military training  Always be prepared for war United for the Persian War Fought in against each other in Peloponnesian War

Greek Culture Spread Greece is conquered by Philip II of Macedonia  Alexander the Great Spread culture from Egypt to Asia  Alexandria Egypt  Hellenistic: Greek Like – Eventually fall the Romans

Rome Romes beginning – Twins : Romulus & Remus

Rome Rome created on 7 hills Open for attack – Create a powerful military Expanding Rome – Borrowed ideas from Greece Latin alphabet, art, religion, mythology

Creating a Republic First ran by king Republic: people choose their leaders – Lead by 2 consuls – Consuls: elected by the people to represent them – Senate: landowners who serve for life – Created 12 Bronze Tables in which all laws were written & dispayed

Roman Empire BC War: Punic War/ Invasions – Rome expanded throughout the Mediterranean – Gave them Roman citizenship – Began trading with India & China – Fall of a Republic and beginning of an empire Emperor: absolute ruler for life (dictator) Julius Caesar, Augustus Caesar Pax Romana: 200 year os Peace

Roman Achievements Temples, stadiums, baths Colosseum Pantheon Aqueducts Road – Increased the population of Rome

Christianity Jesus was born under Caesar Augustus Jesus Death – Disciples spread Christianity to Rome – Many Christians were persecuted for their beliefs – Later emperors made Christianity the official religion of Rome Constantine

Fall of Rome Moved the capital of Rome to what is now present day Istanbul, Turkey Named it Constantinople Plagues Western part of Rome falls to Germans Eastern part of Rome becomes known at the – Byzantine Empire that will last another 1000 yrs