8/29/2015 GEM Lecture 14 Content Orientation in analytical plotters

8/29/2015 GEM Orientation in analytical plotters – –No mechanical motions are needed – –Inner, relative, and absolute orientations are performed computationally – –Only the appropriate measurements have to be completed prior to computations – –Orientations are performed quicker and more precise than in the case of analogue stereoplotters – –Analytical plotters require image coordinates of the fudicial marks, camera calibration report, ground control points – –Least squares computations is done using the colinearity and coplanarity conditions to generate the stereo model

8/29/2015 GEM ANALYTICAL PLOTTERS – –Development possible with advances in computers, digital encoders and servosystems – –Use exact mathematical calculations to define stereomodel – –Capabilities Precisely measure x and y photo coordinates on both photos of a stereopair Accurately move to defined x and y photo locations

8/29/2015 GEM Wild BC-1 Zeiss P-3 Zeiss P-3

8/29/2015 GEM ADVANTAGES OF AP No optical or mechanical limitations in forming models Great versatility Can handle vertical, tilted, low oblique, convergent, high oblique, panoramic, terrestrial images, and satellite images Accommodate photography from any focal length camera Provide superior results than analog plotters Optical and mechanical errors are not introduced Can correct for any combination of systematic errors Take advantage of redundant observations and incorporate into least squares solution

8/29/2015 GEM Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) Indication of accuracy of transformation GCP coordinates transformed into new coordinate system Points can then be RE- transformed into old coordinate system RMS Error X residual Y residual Retransformed GCP Source GCP RMS value in what units? PIXELS of original image

8/29/2015 GEM SOFTCOPY PLOTTERS – –Similar to analytical plotters Rely on digital imagery Less expensive and more versatile than analytical plotters Essential component – computer with high resolution graphics display – –Must be capable of displaying both photos simultaneously

8/29/2015 GEM – –Present day analytical plotters are compact and are typically high end workstations – –At the Geomatics Program (TU) use is made of Imagine software that is available on desktop PCs, and Dat\EM workstation which is executed on a dedicated dual processor high end PC which is integrated with a customized version of the AutoCAD software.

8/29/2015 GEM SOFTCOPY PLOTTERS Leica Socet Set ZI ImageStation

8/29/2015 GEM

8/29/2015 GEM VR Mapping – –VrOne is a powerful photogrammetric vector collection and editing system with Digital Terrain Modeling and image display capability. – –VrTwo allows the orientation of a stereo pair of photographs and the extraction of three-dimensional data using VrOne. – –Cardinal Systems, LLC is a provider of software for use in the mapping industry.

8/29/2015 GEM

8/29/2015 GEM

8/29/2015 GEM –VrTwo is comfortable to the eyes and also comfortable to the pocket. Running on standard PCs, total hardware costs are kept to a minimum. –The power of VrTwo is derived from the seamless integration into the VrOne vector collection and editing system. –Single models may be oriented for VrTwo using the Orient VrTwo program. This program provides project management, camera and coordinate management along with inner, relative and absolute orientations. –Single models may be oriented for VrTwo using the Orient VrTwo program. This program provides project management, camera and coordinate management along with inner, relative and absolute orientations.

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