KOS The microwave multifunctional tissue processor 林臻鞠 友聯光學有限公司

Microwave heating A bit of theory

Wavelengths range from 1mm to 1m Frequency allowed for commercial, medical and scientific applications: 2,450 MHz (12.2 cm wavelength) Heating is caused by -Dipole rotation - Ionic migration Theory of microwave heating

Microwaves are not ionising radiation Microwaves energy is largely below the energy necessary to break the bonds of common organic molecules H-OH5,2 CH3-CH33,8 Hydrogen bond (water)0,21 Chemical bond energy (eV) Microwaves radiation (2.450 MHz) quantum energy (eV) 0,0016Energy Theory of microwave heating

Interaction of materials with microwaves METALS WATER PTFE, PP, TPX  Reflective  Absorptive  Transparent to Microwaves

Metals Water, alcohols PTFE, PP, Cassette, WAX, Glass Transparent to Microwaves  Absorptive  Reflective Interaction of materials with microwaves

Conventional Heating The temperature of the outside surface of the vessel is in excess of the boiling point of the solution then Container is heated first then the solution. CONDUCTIVE HEATING SOLUTION CONVECTIVE CURRENTS 傳導性的

Microwave heating Shorter Reaction Times first Solution is heated first MICROWAVE HEATING SOLUTION

Reality Microwaves cook my samples Rapid processing = poor morphology Antigens will be lost forever Molecular studies are not possible Day processing is useless Microwaves create physical heat like conventionals do but internally the tissues. Better homogenity & efficiency. Today’s technology makes 12-14hours a useless waste of time. Quality is guaranteed priority. Diagnostic equivalence is validated by studies showing optimal antigen reactivity. Microwave do not affect DNA, RNA and proteins’ quality at all. Day processing = same day diagnosis = patient centric care Perception

KOS The microwave multifunctional tissue processor

State of the Art Microwave is switched OFF if: 1.Cavity ventilation is compromised 2.Solvent in cavity is above Threshold 3.Humidity in cavity exceeds set value 4.Microwave leak is detected

In a fraction of the time Tissue processing Decalcification Special stains Gross hardening Fixation Antigen retrieval (93°C to 120°C) KOS

KOS: Smart and Fast The first Icon driven HistoStation

Multifunctional: 1 unit 6 applications Fast: Just plug-in and process Reliable: Sensors controlled Flexible: User programs / Favorites Safe: Sensors monitored Smart: Icons driven KOS*

Multifunctional: ONE unit SIX major applications Fulfilling all requirements set by CAP/C.L.S.I. Ideal substitute for “kitchen type” microwave oven Fulfilling all requirements set by CAP/C.L.S.I. Ideal substitute for “kitchen type” microwave oven

Rapid Tissue processing Same day results for all tissue types. From 1 to 45 cassettes Ideal for transplant center Urgent biopsies Up to 3 mm thickness Safe. No xylene Ethanol – isopropanol only

Fast, unmatched tissue processing time. 35 minutes For transplant biopsies including fixation 75 minutes For 2 mm biopsies Add 18 min fixation 140 minutes For 3 mm biopsies Add 28 min fixation

Excellent H&E, IHC and FISH In a fraction of the time High Quality Slides Breast Red-Labeled HER2-FISH, x800 Colonic Biopsy H&E, x400 Adenocarcinoma Cytokaratin CAM 5.2, x400 Breast, HER2 IHC, x400

SMART. ICONS DRIVEN MENU 1) Select thickness. 2) Select number of cassettes.

3) Select reagents 4) Press GO

5) Press START. That’s all Time left will be shown on the terminal

Any protocol as Favorite

Special Stains Up to 16 slides Up to 76% time saving for staining protocols

1) Select stains menu 2) Select specific stain

3) Follow step by step indications 4) Selected program is prestored ready to use.

Dedicated Histomodules 4K, up to 4 cassette 45K, up to 45 cassette 16s, up to 16 slides

A review of some key factors influencing the quality of sections and stains

Bench-level quality factors Pre-fixation Fixation Grossing Processing Embedding Microtomy Flotation Section drying H&E and special stains IHC, ISH and FISH Coverslipping

Pre-fixation damage “If tissue is not in a healthy, living state when it is fixed, it can reveal only abnormal details, whatever its subsequent treatment.” Bracegirdle B. A History of Microtechnique

Autolysis Pre-fixation damage: examples Heat damage Crush artifact Dessication

Fixation: common problems Inadequate volume of formalin Poor quality fixative Tissue fragments roughly handled Inappropriate containers

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