What was the Enlightenment? ► Intellectual & Cultural Movement in the 18 th c. ► Proponents argued that society & its laws should be based on human reason.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Age of Reason & Enlightenment An Overview of the 18 c Political History >>> Political History >>> Reform Intellectual History Intellectual History.
Advertisements

Age of Enlightenment How did Enlightenment thinkers influence society around them? What were the major ideas of the Enlightenment?
5/8 Focus: 5/8 Focus: – European thinkers developed new ideas about government and society during the enlightenment Do Now: Do Now: – What was the symbol.
The Enlightenment. A person can understand nature and other people better by applying reason and scientific laws.
The Enlightenment in Europe
The Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment. I. The Beginnings of the Enlightenment The Enlightenment - 18 th century intellectual movement emphasizing reason and scientific method.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT. Principles – Tenets of the Enlightenment –Rationalism –Freedom –Toleration –Progress –Individualism –Relativism –Deism.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT. Principles – Tenets of the Enlightenment –Rationalism –Freedom –Toleration –Progress –Individualism –Relativism –Deism.
The Enlightenment CH 17 section 1& 2 Unit 7 PP # 3.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT. IMMANUEL KANT:  “Dare to Know! Have the courage to use your own intelligence!”
By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY The Age of Reason & Enlightenment.
The Age of Reason & Enlightenment An Overview of the 18 c ► Political History  >>> ► Political History  >>> Reform ► Intellectual History   ► Intellectual.
Age of Reason ENLIGHTENMENT.  In the 1600’s a new generation of philosophers began to view reason as the solution to all human problems.  People gathered.
The era known historically as the Enlightenment marks the intellectual beginning of the modern world. Ideas originating in this era would gradually spread.
Modern World History Content Statement 6 Mr. Leasure 2014 – 2015 Harrison Career Center.
The Enlightenment Main Idea Essential Questions
Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment Origins of the Enlightenment  SCIENTIFIC  Newton’s system  empirical & practical  Scientific laws.
The Scientific Revolution paves the way for the Enlightenment.
The Enlightenment During the 1600s and 1700s, belief in the power of reason grew. Writers of the time sought to reform government and bring about a more.
The Enlightenment The era known historically as the Enlightenment marks the intellectual beginning of the modern world. Ideas originating in this era would.
The Enlightenment
The Enlightenment 1689 to The Enlightenment Applied reason to the human world, not just the natural world Stimulated religious tolerance Fueled.
Madame Geoffrin’s Salon
Chapter 18 Part 3 The Enlightenment. Women in the Enlightenment Women played a major role in the Salon Movement Women played a major role in the Salon.
Important movement in 18 th century European thought THE ENLIGHTENMENT.
Leading to war…. The Age of Reason & Enlightenment.
The Age of Reason & Enlightenment
The Enlightenment.
The Enlightenment World Civilizations Madison Southern High School.
Mary Wollstonecraft Feminism
The Enlightenment Thinkers
The Enlightenment DARE TO KNOW!!. The Enlightenment On the heels of the Reformation and Scientific Revolution the Enlightenment took another step to dissolving.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT “The Age of Reason”. WHY IS THIS IMPORTANT? ► Many of our own ideas about government, such as the Declaration of Independence and the.
The Enlightenment. Also known as the Age of Reason--a movement during the 17th and 18th centuries in which intellectuals stressed the use of reason and.
The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.
The Enlightenment. What Was the Enlightenment? The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement in Europe during the 18 th century that led to a whole new.
The Age of Reason & Enlightenment. 18 c Politics ► – Constitutional Monarchy ► BRITAIN  – Constitutional Monarchy ► Royal Absolutism (Louis XIV - cultural.
By: Ms. Susan M. Pojer Horace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY The Age of Reason & Enlightenment.
The Age of Enlightenment aka The Age of Reason 18 th Century Thought.
The Enlightenment Chapter 2 Section 2. The Enlightenment and the Philosophes 1. Beginnings of Enlightenment 1. Beginnings of Enlightenment France 1600s.
The Enlightenment Philosophical movement in the 17 th century in Europe Emphasis on Science, logic and reason, moving away from tradition and superstition.
THE ENLIGHTENMENT. MAIN IDEA: Thinkers during the "Age of Reason" or simply the Enlightenment, in England, France, and throughout Europe questioned traditional.
The Enlightenment in Europe
The Age of Enlightenment
“Enlightened Despotism”.
Paths to the Enlightenment
The Age of Reason & Enlightenment
Chapter 18: Age of Enlightenment and American Revolution
The Enlightenment The Age of Reason.
The Age of Reason & Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment
The Age of Reason & Enlightenment
The Enlightenment The Age of Reason.
THE 18TH CENTURY: AN AGE OF ENLIGHTENMENT
Enlightenment Thought
The Enlightenment Thinkers
The Enlightenment.
Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment
The Age of Enlightenment
The Enlightenment in Europe
The Enlightenment Thinkers The Age of Reason
How did the Enlightenment come about? Why is it significant today?
The Scientific Revolution & Enlightenment: Europe,
Chapter 2-1 Notes The Enlightenment Lecture 2 Standard
The Enlightenment.
Grab today’s Agenda (5:4). What does it mean to be democratic?
The Enlightenment Late 1600’s-1700’s.
The Enlightenment Thinkers The Age of Reason
Presentation transcript:

What was the Enlightenment? ► Intellectual & Cultural Movement in the 18 th c. ► Proponents argued that society & its laws should be based on human reason rather than custom or tradition ► Diverse movement – spread across countries, disciplines & political lines

The Inspiration: The Inspiration: René DescartesIsaac Newton John Locke

Origins of the Enlightenment? Origins of the Enlightenment? ► Writers popularized new science w/ books written for the general public opinion.  Bernard de Fontenelle, Plurality of Worlds ► Writers expressed skepticism about religion & attacked priests as reactionary thinkers  Pierre Bayle, Religious and Critical Dictionary (1697) ► Europeans read travel accounts about Asia, Africa & the Americas  Written by traders, missionaries & explorers  Exposed great variety of human behaviors & beliefs

Three Key Ideas of the Enlightenment: Three Key Ideas of the Enlightenment: ► RATIONALISM  All Truths must be arrived at through logical, critical thinking. (Reason)  Nothing should be accepted on faith or authority alone ► SCIENCE  Scientific methods could be used to understand the human world; natural laws also applied to society (“Social Science”) ► PROGRESS  Humans could use scientific research to find ways to improve life & advance humanity

The Philosophes

The Enlightened Individual The “ Philosophe ” The Enlightened Individual  The “ Philosophe ” ► Not really original thinkers as a whole, but were great publicists of the new thinking  CHANGE & PROGRESS! ► They were students of society who analyzed its evils and advanced reforms

The Great French Philosophes : The Great French Philosophes : Marquis de Condorcet Voltaire Baron de Montesquieu Denis Diderot

Great Philosophes Outside of France: Great Philosophes Outside of France: Adam Smith David Hume Jean-Jacques Rousseau Immanuel Kant

Female Philosophes : Female Philosophes : Mary Wollstonecraft Emilie du Châtelet Mary Astell

American “Philosophes”: American “Philosophes”: John Adams ( ) Ben Franklin ( ) Thomas Jefferson ( ) …...…life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness…………...

Where were the philosophes ?

The Spread of Enlightenment Ideas

A Parisian Salon

Madame Geoffrin’s Salon

Madame Geoffrin ( ) Mademoiselle Julie de Lespinasse (1732*-1776) Madame Suzanne Necker ( ) The Salonniéres:

► Wealthy Jewish women created nine of the fourteen salons in Berlin. ► In Warsaw, Princess Zofia Czartoryska gathered around her the reform leaders of Poland-Lithuania. ► Middle-class women in London used their salons to raise money to publish women’s writings. Salons were not only in Paris:

Coffeehouses:

Reading during the Enlightenment:

A Reading Revolution?:  across all social classes ► Literacy rates rose dramatically in Europe  across all social classes ► Reading became a private & silent activity ► Books were expensive (one day’s wages). ► Many readers for each book (20 : 1)  novels, plays & other literature.  journals, memoirs, “private lives.”  philosophy, history, theology.  newspapers, political pamphlets.

“Must Read” Books of the Time

The Impact of the Enlightenment

Legacy of the Enlightenment 1. Enlightenment ideas helped spur the democratic revolutions, begun in America in 1776 and Paris in the late 1780s, that put all Western governments on the defensive. 2. Reform, democracy, and republicanism had been placed irrevocably on the Western agenda. 3. New forms of civil society arose –-- clubs, salons, fraternals, private academies, lending libraries, and professional/scientific organizations. 4. It established a materialistic tradition based on an ethical system derived solely from a naturalistic account of the human condition (the “Religion of Nature”)

Legacy of the Enlightenment (cont.): 1. Theoretically endowed with full civil and legal rights, the individual had come into existence as a political and social force to be reckoned with. 2. Europeans began to define themselves as culturally & racially superior to non-European cultures  justified slavery & colonialism c conservatives blamed it for the modern “egalitarian disease” (once reformers began to criticize established institutions, they didn’t know where and when to stop!)