IME Jaehoon Noh

 Patterns of Innovations  Motivations(Sources) of Innovations  Types of Innovations

 Miniaturization  Enlargement  Extraction  Change of state  High dynamicity

 Computers, cell phones, storage media, etc. are becoming smaller as the technology is improving. Cell phone Computer Storage Media

 Display devices(i.e. TVs, monitors), ships, airplanes, and etc. are becoming larger the technology is improving. TV length of 4,500 feet, a width of 750 feet, and a height of 350 feet Cruise ship length of 850 feet, a width of 90 feet, and a height of 65 feet

 Technologies enable people to extract only certain parts which they need from the entire things. Analogue-Digital Conversion (i.e. mp3) Vitamin

 In some cases, the change of physical state can improve quality of the products drastically. Hair Wax (Slurry-> Liquid) Shoe Polish (Slurry ->Liquid) Pain Relief Medication (Patch -> Air sol)

 As technologies improving, products can be changed or adjusted more freely by users. Office Chairs Cell Phone UI

 Self-fulfillment  Goal-orientation  Discovery of the New Area of Application

 Users invented or innovated something for fulfilling their own desire. ◦ Foot-straps were attached to a windsurf board to try aerial tricks more easily by users.

 In some cases, a certain goal was set first, and then innovations were made because they were necessary to achieve the goal. ◦ The innovations were made strategically and systematically with a clear vision and goal.  Apollo 11 - The spaceflight which landed the first humans

 Innovation can occur without a great invention or development when someone discovers a new market or industry to which we can apply a certain existing technology or process. ◦ Ultra sonic washers were used to wash glasses at first, but they are used to wash fruits and vegetables also today.

 Strength Reinforcement vs Weakness Elimination  Position vs Paradigm  Cannibalization vs Pie-expansion

 Strength Reinforcement Innovation ◦ To stress the strengths of products or processes, despite the risk of getting other weaknesses.  The iPhone adopted one-button method to reinforce its strength( design) in spite of decreasing usability.  Weakness Elimination Innovation ◦ To focus on eliminating weaknesses of products or processes rather than add new features.  Medicines can be improved drastically if their side effects(weakness) are eliminated, even though their efficacy remain the same. iPhone Medicine

 Position Innovation ◦ To change the perception of established products or process in a specific context.  Paradigm Innovation ◦ To create a new market by re-identifying the viewpoint or approach about existing products. Smart phone Business Use Entertainment Cloud computing Change of work space

 Cannibalization Innovation ◦ Cannibalization occurs when a company introduces a new product which carves out the market share of established products of the same company.  When Intel introduces new microprocessors, the sales of the old models decline sharply  Pie-expansion Innovation ◦ Pie-expansion occurs when a company’s new product creates a new market or enters a different market in which the company has never participated before.  Starbucks introduced Frapuccino - a kind of coffee drink that contains a grain of ice - to grab the customers who didn’t want to drink coffee in Summer, and it was very successful. Intel Starbucks