Kenji Someno EMBASSY OF JAPAN, Beijing 日本驻华大使馆 International Workshop on Establishing A Green National Accounting System June 24-25,2004 Zhejiang, China The Experience of Material Flow Accounts in Japan 日本实物流量核算经验

Outline of the presentation 1. Historical Experience in Japan 日本历史经验 2. Material Flow Accounts (MFA) 实物流量帐户 3. Targets for Indicators on MFA 实物流量帐户目标 4. Sound Material-Cycle Society 良好的物质循环型 社会 5. Next Steps 下步工作

1. Historical Experience in Japan 日本历史经验  1971’s poll about “economic growth”1971 年关于经济增长的公众投 票 > wealthy for daily life, increasing for business chance > environment pollution, price raising, traffic accident Ministry of the Environment in Japan makes from Cabinet’s material (2001). consumer price index ( 2000=100) real GDP The transition of real GDP and consumer price index ( ％ : ratio for preceding year)

1. Historical Experience in Japan 日本历史经验  Durable Goods Coverage in Japan 日本耐用商品普及率

1. Historical Experience in Japan  Generation of Durable Goods Waste 耐用商品产生的废物

1. Historical Experience in Japan  Economic growth & Environmental Pollution 经济增长和环境 污染 GDP /Person US$ GDP/Person 100,000 Singapore Stock Price Indicator 10,000 Republic of Korea ＄ Malaysia Bubble Economy 300 Thailand 100 1,000 P.R of China India International Competition Recovery △ Oil Crisis 10 △ Tokyo Olympics △ Tokyo Disny Land Open Environmental Pollution Stock Price Indicator △ Osaka Expo

1. Historical Experience in Japan  Transition to Sustainable Society 向可持续性社会转型 Sustainable Society Mass Production/ Consumption/Disposal Society ～ 20C21C ～ time amt. Social Utility Environment Efficiency Use of Nature (Loads on Nature) Decoupling increasing welfare from environmental loads Linkage between increasing welfare & environmental loads Ministry of the Environment in Japan makes from EEA (EU Enbironmental Agency)’s material.

2. Material Flow Accounts  Integrated Environmental & Economic Accounts 环 境和经济综合帐户 > the necessity for GNP/GDP reflected on loss by environmental loads. > 2 kinds of approach (1) monetary approach (2) material approach

2. Material Flow Accounts  Monetary approach 价值方法 > GNP/GDP － monetary value for environmental pollution, loads on nature, etc 环境污染、自然负荷很 难货币化 > difficulty for conversion environmental value to monetary value 将环境价值转化为货币价值 很难

2. Material Flow Accounts  Material approach 实物方法 > flow of the material’s weight in economical action > criticism for differentiation and prioritization of the materials to be accounted > the issues of data availability, consistency of national statistics among different countries, problems of international comparisons > realistic measures as a kind of integrated environmental & economic accounts

2. Material Flow Accounts 实物流 量帐户 (prepared by Ministry of the Environment in Japan FY2000) (Unit ： million tons) Domestic resources （ 1,124 ） Exports （ 132 ） Returned to nature (84 ） Final disposal （ 56 ） Reduction （ 241 ） Amount of cyclical use [reuse+recycle] （ 218 ） Net addition to stock （ 1,107 ） Resources （ 718 ） Products （ 70 ） Natural resources and the like input ［ Direct Material Input ］ （ 1,912 ） Generation of waste and the like （ 600 ） Energy consumption （ 420 ） Food consumption （ 127 ） Imports （ 788 ） Total material input （ 2,130 ）

2. Material Flow Accounts 实物流 量帐户 (Unit ： million tons) Domestic resources （ 1,169 ） Exports （ 123 ） Returned to nature (84 ） Final disposal （ 53 ） Reduction （ 239 ） Amount of cyclical use [reuse+recycle] （ 212 ） Net addition to stock （ 1,124 ） Resources （ 692 ） Products （ 64 ） Natural resources and the like input ［ Direct Material Input ］ （ 1,926 ） Generation of waste and the like （ 588 ） Energy consumption （ 404 ） Food consumption （ 124 ） Imports （ 756 ） Total material input （ 2,138 ） (prepared by Ministry of the Environment in Japan FY200 １ )

3. Targets for Indicators on MFA 实物流量帐户目标确定 390,000 yen per ton:FY2010 (40% improvement from FY2000) Resource Productivity Direct Material Input (Input of natural resources & the like) GDP 

3. Targets for Indicators on MFA 实物流量帐户目标确定 To reduce direct & indirect material required by the production of each commodity （ by technology improvement ） Changing the pattern of consumption and investment （ transition to less material- intensive demands ） Reduction of dependence on imports To increase the use of recycled materials out of total input of resources DMI:Direct Material Input R: Amount of recycled materials

4. Targets for Indicators on MFA 实物流量帐户目标确定 14%:FY2010 (40% improvement from FY2000) Cyclical Use Rate Amount of cyclical use + DMI Amount of cyclical use (reuse + recycling) 

3. Targets for Indicators on MFA 实物流量帐户目标确定 Million tons Final Disposal Amount = Final disposal amount of waste (landfill) 28 million tons:FY2010 （ 50% reduction from FY2000 ）

4 th Thermal Recycling Recover heat from things which have no alternatives but Incineration and which can’t be recycled materially 2 nd Reuse Use things repeatedly. 4. Sound Material-Cycle Society 良性的物质循环型社会 Natural Resources Input Production (Manufacturing, Distribution, etc.) Consumption Treatment (Recycling, Incineration, etc.) Landfill Disposal Discarding 3 rd Material Recycling Recycle things which can’t be reused as raw materials 5 th Proper Disposal Dispose of things which can’t be used by any things  Concept of “Sound Material-Cycle Society” 1st Reduction Reduce waste, by-products, etc

4. Sound Material-Cycle Society 良性的物质循环型社会  Example 1: Reduction : Aluminium Cans (350ml cans) Type 209 Type 206 Type 204 Weight and diameter of the cap Weight and diameter of the body 65.3mm 15.2g 65.3mm 14.7g Weight of the body 20.5g18.6g15.2g Weight saving of 26% Type 209Type 206Type mm 5.3 g 64.7 mm 3.9 g mm 3.1 g 65.3mm 12.1g

4. Sound Material-Cycle Society 良性的物质循环型社会  Example 2: Reuse : Refilled Products

4. Sound Material-Cycle Society 良性的物质循环型社会  Example 3: Material Recycling : Electrical Appliance FY 2002 [t] Refrigera- tor Washer Air Condi- tioner TV Iron (Steel) 65,83230,99223,1127,235 Copper ,0583,369 Aluminum , Mixture (Nonferrous ・ Ferrous, etc) 18,8808,70327, Cathode-ray tube ー－－ 55,075 Other4,8902,6521,4875,756 Total weight91,00642,96756,73972,110 Recycling Rate61%60%78%75% Recycling Rate (1997)55% 54%

5. Next Steps 今后打算  (Paris, France) The Special session on MFA (organised by the WGEIO (Working Group on Environmental Information & Outlooks, OECD ))  (Tokyo, Japan) The International Expert meeting on MFA and resource productivity (organised by the Ministry of the Environment in Japan)

5. Next Steps 下步打算  The OECD Council Recommendation on Material Flows & Resource Productivity > on the scope and level of ambition of further joint work on material flows and related measurement tools, including accounts and indicators, in the OECD > on next steps and expected outputs in 2005 and (proposed by Japan)

5. Next Steps 下步打算  (Helsinki, Finland) WGEIO workshop > Definition of scope and orientations of joint work within the OECD on material flows and related indicators  (Paris, France) 35 th WGEIO meeting ~ to be continued

5. Next Steps 下步打算  (Sea Island, U.S.A) Sea Island Summit 2004 (G8 Summit) > CHAIR'S SUMMARY “ Sustainable development requires international cooperation and action on improving our environment. We endorsed the Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle ("3 R's") Initiative. ” (proposed by Japan)

5. Next Steps 下步打算  G8 Summit 3R Action Plan & Progress on Implementation > Ministrial Conference in spring 2005 hosted by the Government of Japan. > Helped to create a new OECD material flows and resource productivity work plan.

谢谢 !