Inside Cells!

What do you see when you look at yourself in the mirror? Skin, hair, eyes, teeth, muscles?

Let’s get a closer look….

Under a microscope, (on low power), your skin looks like this:

But upon even closer look…

…and that’s just your skin! And closer still.. …and that’s just your skin!

ALL of you is made up of all different kinds of cells. muscle cells heart cells

brain cells

Under a microscope, you can see these cells.

Everything that is alive is made of cells.

THE CELL THEORY All living things are made of cells. 2. Cells are the basic unit in all living things. 3. Cells can only be produced by other cells.

Living things made out of just one cell are called SINGLE-CELLED ORGANISMS

Living things made of more than one cell are called MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS

So what the heck is a cell?

Cells are MUCH larger, and they make up all of life. If you remember… Atoms and molecules make up all matter. Cells are MUCH larger, and they make up all of life.

To understand how living things work, you have to know about cells. Cells allow us to breathe, grow, get energy from our food, and even see!

Cells have many parts that help carry out life’s functions.

There are two main types of cells that we will talk about in class.

Let’s start with the animal cell…

The outer covering of an animal cell. Cell Membrane The outer covering of an animal cell.

Gives support to the cell. It holds everything in! Cell Membrane Gives support to the cell. It holds everything in!

2. Allows food to come in and waste to go out through openings called PORES

Nucleus The large round(ish) mass in the cell. Has a membrane around outside.

Nucleus The cell’s control center. Directs all of the cell’s activities. Holds the DNA for cell reproduction

DNA is what causes you to have the color hair, eyes, and height that you have! (and a lot of other things too)

Made of a thick, jello-like substance. Cytoplasm The “empty” space inside the cell. Made of a thick, jello-like substance.

All of the ORGANELLES (tiny cell structures) float around in the cytoplasm.

The small organelles with an inner folded membrane. Mitochondria The small organelles with an inner folded membrane.

The “Powerhouses” of the cell. Mitochondria The “Powerhouses” of the cell.

Mitochondria They digest sugar molecules and provide energy for the cell. Then they give off carbon dioxide as waste.

Small, grain-like bodies floating in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes Small, grain-like bodies floating in the cytoplasm.

Ribosomes produce proteins…they are like little protein factories

Endoplasmic Reticulum A maze of passageways in the cell. Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum Carries proteins and chemicals around the cell.

A structure of flattened sacs and tubes. Golgi Bodies A structure of flattened sacs and tubes.

Golgi Bodies Receives proteins from the ER and SORTS and DISTRIBUTES them to all parts of the cell

Both nutrients and waste can be stored here. Vacuoles Storage organelles. Both nutrients and waste can be stored here. ?

Lysosomes The cell’s digesters.

They digest old cell parts and recycle the usable materials.

They have everything mentioned and 2 more… Now for the plant cell… They have everything mentioned and 2 more…

Able to convert sunlight into food (sugar). Chloroplasts Able to convert sunlight into food (sugar).

Cell Wall Rigid support surrounding the cell membrane to keep the cell stiff and firm.