Lecture 3: Making it Work – the Volatile 1790’s

The Early Republic ( ) HProblems: H Internal: HUneducated masses HMonarchy HLegislature H External: HSpain, Great Britain, France

The Early Republic ( ) HTremendous growth: H Population: mil; mil H Cotton export: mil; mil H Total US export: $19 mil; $108 mil H Geographic expansion

Washington’s Presidency HWashington’s election HSetting precedents H Title H 1st lady H Cabinet: HState: Jefferson HTreasury: Hamilton HWar: Knox HVP: Adams HChief Justice: Jay H Rivalry in the Cabinet HJefferson vs. Hamilton

Jefferson vs. Hamilton HJefferson: H French Rev. H Contradictions H “Republican” H States H Ties to France H Agrarian, expansive nation HHamilton: H Illegitimate, immigrant H Aide to GW H “Federalist” H National govt. H Ties to England H Urban, industrial nation Conflict between order and liberty

Washington’s Presidency HThe 1 st party system: Federalists and Republicans HThe volatile 1790s: H Yellow fever H Financial panics H Taxpayer revolts H Violent protest H Sedition act H Fights in congress H The Duel HParties: Principled, yet compromise HThe Presidency

Washington’s Presidency HRepublican party first HWashington’s presence HHouse of Representatives HFederalist rule HHamilton’s winning streak: H Fund debt,; taxes; national bank H Shades of British system H Repay war debt (Madison system rejected) H Assumption of state debt (Madison rejected) H Whiskey tax H National bank HHow to fight back? Rally public opinion!

Washington’s Presidency HThe newspaper war H Freneau, National Gazette H Fenno, Gazette of the United States HThe 1792 campaign H Media H Letters H Pamphlets HMadison’s reversal HHamilton’s attacks HThe 1792 election

Washington’s Presidency HForeign affairs: H France or Britain? H “Independent Internationalism” H Commercial alliances H Stay out of war H Westward expansion H 1793 Proclamation of Neutrality H Treaties with England and Spain (Jay’s Treaty and Pinckney’s Treaty)

Washington’s Presidency HElection of 1796 HFarewell Address H No entangling alliances

John Adams as President HConflict with France H“X,Y,Z Affair” HThe Federalists unravel: H Immigration H Alien & Sedition Acts H Standing army H Taxes H The Sedition law HThe Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Jefferson as President HThe Election of 1800 HThe “Revolution of 1801” HMarbury v. Madison HJudicial review HLouisiana Purchase H Haitian slave rebellion HEmbargo Act

Mr. Madison’s War HCauses of the War of 1812 H Impressment H Leopard/Chesapeake H Economic warfare H Indian attacks H Canada?

Mr. Madison’s War HWar of 1812 H Treaty of Ghent HResults of the war: H National pride H Westward expansion H Military growth H Transportation