Unit 6: Cold War Chapter 18 Essential Question: Explain how the Soviet Union and the US differing political ideologies led to numerous power struggles and proxy wars.

Origins of the Cold War Cold War(1945-1991) The US and the United Soviet Socialist Republic (U.S.S.R ) emerge from WWII as two “Superpowers” with vastly different political and economic systems Neither nation directly confronts the other in war

Origins of the Cold War Containment Policy Truman Doctrine Truman created measures to prevent the spread of communist rule to other countries Truman Doctrine A U.S. policy created by Truman that provided economic and military aid to free nations (non-communist) threatened by internal or external opponents Marshall Plan a US plan created by Secretary of State George Marshall that provided aid to all European nations that needed it and to stop the Communist party from growing in Europe

Origins of the Cold War The (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) NATO Alliance Fear of the Soviets leads to NATO Western European nations join with the US and Canada to form a defensive military alliance to stop Soviet aggression

The Cold War Heats Up Korean War In 1950 North Korea invades South Korea and begins the Korean War South Korea asks UN to stop the invasion Settling for Stalemate In 1953 a armistice (peace agreement) is signed between North and South Korea The Korea Peninsula is divided along the 38th parallel line which established a demilitarized zone

The Cold War at Home Joseph McCarthy McCarthyism McCarthy’s Downfall Joseph McCarthy was a Republican senator, who was an anti-communist activist and believed communist were taking over the government McCarthyism A practice by McCarthy that created unfair tactic of accusing people of disloyalty or being communist without providing evidence McCarthy’s Downfall In 1954, McCarthy wrongly accuses several members of the US Army of being communist on TV. He finally loses public support and the senate condemns him for improper conduct

Eisenhower and the Cold War Eisenhower becomes the 34th president (1953-1961) Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was a five-star general in the United States Army during WWII He was the last to be born in the 19th century Eisenhower Doctrine A doctrine created by Eisenhower that stated the U.S. would defend the Middle East against an attack by any communist country Warsaw Pact A military alliance formed in 1955 by the Soviet Union and its Eastern European satellites; formed because West Germany was allowed to rearm and join NATO

Unit 6: Cold War Chapter 20 Essential Question: Explain how the Soviet Union and the US differing political ideologies led to conflict in Cuba.

Kennedy and the Cold War Kennedy becomes the 35th president (1961 –1963) John F. Kennedy defeated Richard Nixon in the 1960 U.S. presidential election He was the first President to have been born in the 20th century, and the youngest elected to the office, at the age of 43. He was also the youngest to die Kennedy was assassinated on November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas. Lee Harvey Oswald was charged with the crime but was shot and killed two days later by Jack Ruby before any trial. Kennedy is the only Catholic, and the first Irish American, president

Kennedy and the Cold War Foreign Policy in Latin America During the Cold War the US intervened in Latin American affairs when the US self-interest were involved The US tried to stop the spread of communism in Latin America countries

Origins of the Cold War Bay of Pigs Revolutionary leader Fidel Castro overthrows the Cuban government and declares Cuba a communist country Cuban exiles and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) plan to invade Cuba to overthrow Castro’s regime Plans go wrong and the Cuban exiles are captured or killed The result was a huge propaganda victory for Castro and a severe embarrassment for the administration of U.S. president John F. Kennedy

Origins of the Cold War Cuban Missile Crisis In 1962 there was a major confrontation between the U.S. and the Soviet Union over the presence of Soviet nuclear missiles in Cuba Pres. John F. Kennedy placed a naval blockade around the island, and for 13 days the U.S. and the Soviet Union hovered on the brink of war Soviet premier Nikita Khrushchev finally agreed to remove the missiles in return for the U.S. to withdraw its own missiles from Turkey and to never invade Cuba The incident increased tensions during the Cold War and fueled the nuclear arms race between the two countries

Unit 6: Cold War Chapter 22 Essential Question: What were the origins and consequences of the Vietnam war?

Vietnam War Johnson becomes the 36th president (1963 –1968) Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded to the presidency following the assassination of John F. Kennedy, completed Kennedy's term and was elected President in the 1964 Presidential election Johnson was greatly supported by the Democratic Party and, as President, was responsible for designing the "Great Society" legislation that included: laws that upheld civil rights, Public Broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, environmental protection, aid to education, and his "War on Poverty."

Vietnam War Vietnam War(1954-1975) The Vietnam War was the longest war in which the United States took part Communist-ruled North Vietnam wanted to end U.S. support of the non-communist South Vietnam and to unite the north and south into a single nation The United States and the South Vietnamese army tried to stop them

Vietnam War Gulf of Tonkin Resolution A resolution adopted by congress in 1964, giving the president broad powers to wage war in Vietnam American troops began to be increased to Vietnam

Vietnam War War Divides the Nation Hawks favored sending greater forces to win the war Doves strongly opposed the war and believed the US should withdraw from Vietnam

Vietnam War African-American in the Vietnam War Many AAs leaders opposed the Vietnam War because a disproportionate of AAs served in ground combat 20% of American soldiers killed are African-Americans African-Americans only made up 10% of US population Defense Department corrects this problem by instituting the Draft Lottery in 1969 Racial tensions are high in many platoons and add to low troop morale

Vietnam War 1968 Johnson announces he will not run for reelection due to opposition of the war On April 4, 1968 Martin Luther King Jr. is killed outside a motel in Memphis, Tennessee Robert Kennedy began a campaign for the presidency and was a front-running candidate of the Democratic Party, but on June 6, 1968 he was fatally shot 10,000 protestors go to Chicago to protest the war in Vietnam; police beat them and a riot ensues Richard Nixon wins the presidency

Vietnam War End of Vietnam War On January 15, 1973, President Nixon announced the end of offensive operations against North Vietnam January 27, 1973, he withdrawals the remaining American troops On April 30, 1975, North Vietnam captures Saigon, the capital of South Vietnam Vietnam becomes a communist country

Vietnam War Outcomes of the Vietnam War Over 58,000 Americans die in the war Returning veterans face indifference and hostility in US US Government abolishes the military draft Americans are more cautious about foreign affairs and they don’t trust the government US learns that superior military technology does not guarantee victory