Mon. 5/9/2011 Warm-up: What external or environmental factors can cause diseases and health problems?

Ready, set, go… Take out a sheet of paper Groups for station rotations At reading stations: –Identify organ/site, function, external factor, effect on organ/site At lab stations: –Record materials, 2 scenarios, observations of before & after, etc.

Science Stations Lab Station 1: –Pour water on one sponge –Pour honey on other sponge Lab Station 2: –Pour water in one filter –Pour sandy water in other filter Lab Station 3 (at faucet): –Turn water on, into tube with valves open (blue knob up) –Turn water on, into tube with valves closed (blue knobs to right)

Can you match them? Look at your observations from the lab stations and your notes from the reading stations In your groups, try matching the scenarios: each lab station to its partner reading station Take notes on your matches and the reason for pairing them

For tomorrow… Have your matches ready and your reasons prepared In your groups, you will be presenting your matches to the class and defending them

Tues. 5/10/2011 Warm-up: Discuss different drug, alcohol or tobacco advertisements you have seen. What were they showing? Should there be more regulation?

Tues. 5/10/2011 Review: Review yesterday’s lab activities: your matches & reasons

Taking notes… Take out sheet of paper For each of the 3 categories (alcohol smoking, drugs), write some facts, statistics, key words/vocabulary, and diseases

A depressant – substances that diminish functional activity, usually by depressing(slowing) the nervous system Examples of other depressants: sedatives opiates

Alcohol is absorbed by the stomach, enters the bloodstream and all body tissues The effects depend on a person’s age, weight, sex, food intake, and amount consumed Effects include: disinhibition, dizziness, slurred speech, nausea, vomiting, impaired judgment/coordination, & aggressive behaviors, alcohol poisoning (death)

Brain damage Stroke Addiction Severe withdrawal (seizures, tremors, hallucinations) Heart disease Stomach ulcers Liver disease Cancer Impotence/infertility

Alcohol Facts 11 million American youth under the age of 21 drink alcohol Alcohol is the most frequently used drug by high school seniors, and its use is increasing Underage drinking is a factor in nearly half of all teen automobile crashes, the leading cause of death among teenagers Alcohol use contributes to youth suicides, homicides and fatal injuries – the leading cause of death among youth after auto crashes Alcohol abuse is linked to as many as two-thirds of all sexual assaults and date rapes of teens and college students Alcohol Video

The Effects of Smoking

Tobacco Facts About 47 million adults in the US smoke- even though ½ of these users will experience death or disability because of it! Cigarette smoking is the single most preventable cause of premature death in the US Each year 430,000 Americans die from smoking 1 in 5 deaths in the US is smoking related

Since the Surgeon General’s Report in million people have died from causes attributed to smoking (heart disease, emphysema) –2 million were from lung cancer Smoking TRIPLES the risk of dying from heart disease Smokers die about seven years earlier than non-smokers

Starting Early… 80% of adult smokers state that they starting smoking before the age of 18. (you must be 18 in order to purchase cigarettes legally!) Every day, nearly 3000 young people become regular smokers 70% of adolescent smokers say they would have never started if they could choose again.

Stains the teeth Reduces the body’s ability to taste and smell Increases wrinkling of skin

Healthy! (non-smoker) Not Healthy! (smoker)

Tobacco Facts Cigarette smoke contains over 4,800 chemicals, 69 of which are known to cause cancer. Smoking is directly responsible for approximately 90 percent of lung cancer deaths About 8.6 million people in the U.S. have at least one serious illness caused by smoking The list of diseases caused by smoking includes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, coronary heart disease, stroke, abdominal aortic aneurysm, acute myeloid leukemia, cataract, pneumonia, periodontitis, and bladder, esophageal, laryngeal, lung, oral, throat, cervical, kidney, stomach, and pancreatic cancers. Smoking is also a major factor in a variety of other conditions and disorders, including slowed healing of wounds, infertility, and peptic ulcer disease In 2007, 20 percent of high school students were current smokers. Over 6 percent of middle school students were current smokers in 2006 Secondhand smoke, known human carcinogen, responsible for approximately 3,400 lung cancer deaths and 46,000 heart disease deaths in adult nonsmokers annually in the United States. Smoking Video

Drugs & the Teen Brain

Pleasure/Reward Circuit Brain chemicals are released that give “good” feelings to insure survival (eating, positive self-esteem, sexual behavior) Dopamine is the brain’s “pleasure” chemical Addictive drugs affect this system in our brain

Neurons Have 4 main parts: Central body: directs ALL the nerve’s activity Dendrites: receive message and relay to cell body Axons: Send messages to dendrites Myelin: increases transmission rate from 2 m/s to 120 m/s What happens if the Myelin sheath is damaged by drugs?

Synapses Where axons & dendrites “touch” (kinda) Chemicals called neurotransmitters are released from axons to dendrite “Key/Lock” bond (each has unique fit) Drugs can: -MIMIC (copy) the effect of a neurotransmitter -BLOCK receptors -Cause OVERPRODUCTION of neurotransmitters

Drug Facts 21.8 million Americans (8.7%) aged 12 or older were current (past month) users of illicit drugs in 2009 Of the 21.8 million Americans aged 12 or older who were current users of illicit drugs in 2009, 16.7 million (77%) were current users of marijuana, making it the most commonly used illicit drug Cocaine abusers can experience acute cardiovascular or cerebrovascular emergencies, such as a heart attack or stroke, which may cause sudden death Long-term methamphetamine abuse has many negative health consequences, including extreme weight loss, severe dental problems, anxiety, confusion, insomnia, mood disturbances, paranoia, delusions and violent behavior One study in primates showed that exposure to MDMA (Ecstasy) for only 4 days caused damage to serotonin nerve terminals that was still present 6 to 7 years later Drug Video

“Anti” Ad Come up with an anti ad for only one of the 3 (alcohol, smoking, drugs) Need to have: –At least 1 fact –At least 1 statistic –Slogan –Picture/drawing –Creativity