Women in Security System – UN SC Resolution 1325 M. Sc. Soc. Melita Globočnik Trnovšek Ministry of Interior General Police Directorate

The main turning points in the employment of policewomen 1973 Police gave employment to first six female officers Employing policewomen on a regular basis and training them at Police Academy (in 1983 there were 187 policewomen or 3 % of all police officers) Employment of policewomen was stopped (in 1994 there were only 152 policewomen or 3 % of all police officers) Activities for continuous employment of policewomen (upon initiative of the Office for Women’s Policy and with support of Police top management) 1994 Police decided to offer employment to female candidates on a regular basis again

Employees in the Police (september 2008) total number of employees (24 % female) police officers (1.077 female, male) (1.500 without police officer status (administrators and technical worker)

Employees in the Police (september 2008) Senior police employee - Female

Police officers NATIONAL LEVEL: The General Police Directorate (10 directorates) REGIONAL LEVEL: 11 Police Directorates LOCAL LEVEL: 111 Police Stations

Police officers (september 2008)

Police officers ( )

Candidates for police officers ( )

Slovenian Police in International Civilian Missions The Slovenian Police has been participating in ICMs for eleven years (1997). Participation in the first peacekeeping operation coincides with the first participation of the Slovenian Army in the peacekeeping operation Alba in Albania To date 180 police officers have been successfully trained for participation in ICMs As a rule, the police officers stay in a foreign country one year, with the possibility of a six-month extension. The average number of police officers in ICMs in the period from 1997 to 2008 = 30 Compared to the Army, the participation of the Police in ICMs is smaller both in extent and number of participants.

Slovenian Police in International Civilian Missions International Civilian Mission WEU: MAPE in Albania UN Civilian Peacekeeping Missions: UNTAET/UNMISET in East Timor UNMIK Mission in Kosovo (United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo) OHR in Bosnia in Herzegovina (Office of the High Representative) OSCE Missions (Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe): OSCE in Kosovo KPSS OSCE in Macedonia SMMS OSCE in Serbia European Police Missions: EUPM – BiH (European Union Police Mission) EUPOL PROXIMA in Macedonia EUPT for Kosovo (EULEX, European Union Planning Team for Kosovo) Other international civilian missions: IPTM Afghanistan, IPTC in Jordan Police expert in the General Secretariat of the EU Council

Slovenian Police in International Civilian Missions In the line with the Security Council Resolution 1325 (October 2000) on gender equality, we strive to include female police officers in ICMs. To date 4 % of al police officers in ISMs was female police officers (sent abroad).

Slovenian Police in International Civilian Missions Female police officers participated in ICMs UNMIK in Kosovo. Fieldwork in ICMs: Border control Crime prevention Prevention of trafficking in human beings Prevention of organised crime The Mounted police and the Service Dog Handlers

Slovenian Police in International Civilian Missions Slovenian police peacekeepers train for work in ICMs also under our training programmes which comply with all the demands and instructions of international organisations for training and education in the area of crisis management. This regards: the basic training of police candidates for work in international civil missions, the training of trainers for work in missions, Final preparations for chosen candidates before they are sent abroad, a programme of reintegration for police officers ending their mandate in a mission.

Slovenian Police in International Civilian Missions Candidate selection procedure: employed in Ministry of Interior knowledge and work experience in the similar field of work physical and psychological health successfulness at work no breach of discipline driving licence

Field of police work and cooperation with other institutions Changes and supplements of penal legislation: sexual harassment at work place: Slovenian police made a proposal of incrimination “new” criminal act (197. Article of Penal Code); violence, blackmail at work place, extension of sexual harassment. Date of validation: 1 th November 2008 protections of rights of workers: criminalisation of special form of criminal act – violation of rights of women (pregnancy) Family Violence Prevention Act (date of validation: )

Field of police work and cooperation with other institutions Education of police officers on the field of prevention and proceeding violence in family : higher educational programme at Police Academy (subject: prevention and investigation of violence in family ) 2-days special training course for police officers and criminal inspector, responsible for investigation violence in family 2-days special training course for police officers and criminal inspector, responsible for investigation sexual untouchability numerus international conferences on violence in family conferences for social workers, NGO, criminal inspectors, attorneys, lawyers, judges

Field of police work and cooperation with other institutions Reestablishment the system of education and training on the field of prevention and proceeding violence in family - multiplicators: Education of multiplicator: different experts (NGO, police, other institution) educated multiplicators on obligatory programme The common programme for training of prevention and investigation violence in family: multiplicators has trained all slovenian police officers (8 hours)

Field of police work and cooperation with other institutions Advising and advertising public on violence against women and violence in family Brochures: When I become the Victim of Crime, Sexual violence Participation of slovenian police officers on conferences, seminars etc. about victims of violent crime Cooperation of slovenian police with NGO – Association against violent communication, Ključ, Women’s Counselling Service, Sharing different prevention materials NGO Cooperation of slovenian police with Faculty of Social Sciences – project Spletno oko (child abuse images)

Field of police work and cooperation with other institutions Analysis of prevention, treatment and phenomenon of violence Training of police officers on the field of prevention and treatment violence in family in cooperation with other intstitutions, NGO, european experts Training of police officers on the field of prevention of trafficking in human beings

Ministry of Defence Slovenian Armed Forces

Ministry of Defence Female in Crisis Response Operations (2007): 88 -ISAF (International Security Assistance Force – Afghanistan): 7 -EUFOR (European Forces – Bosnia and Herzegovina): 14 -KFOR (Kosovo Force): 67

Ministry of Defence Female in Crisis Response Operations (Rank) -Contintgent Commander -Depute Commander, Captain -Depute Commander, First lieutenant

Ministry of Defence Female in Crisis Response Operations (2007)

Ministry of Defence Activities of Ministry of Defence (equal opportunities): Statement of zero tolerance regarding sexual harassment Acceptation of command on handling according to statement of zero tolerance (members of Slovenian armed forces) Acceptation of Standard procedure according undesired behavior On Slovene National Assembly adopted the Slovenian Armed Forces Act (gender equality) Supplementation of Rules service in Slovenian Army

Ministry of Defence Ministry of Defence will in the field of implementation Resolution 1325 contribute to: balanced representation of gender in peace missions (participation of women) quality of training (women, experts for training – confidence with residents on threaten areas) Acceptance of Code of Slovenian Army

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Gender equality and adequate role of women is one of priorety of foreign affairs in the field of human rights. Slovenia is among other states in the discussion in UN about implementation of Resolution 1325 cosponzored Resolution (rape as a means of war). Similar Resolution was adopted on 62. UN General Assembly (december 2007)

Ministry of Foreign Affairs Presidence EU of Germany, Portugal and Slovenia (January 2007 – June 2007): decision of General Affairs and External Relations Council in May 2007 – importance of implementations of Resolution 1325 Presidence EU of Germany, Portugal and Slovenia (January 2007 – June 2007): decision of General Affairs and External Relations Council in November 2007 – importance of complementary and harmony of developmental and security concept Study Enhancing the EU Response to Women in Armed Conflict (reflect the problem of women in armed conflict from international development view; prepared by European Centre for Development Policy Management) Publication Human RigHts in european security and defence policy (present all documents from human rights field, which are important for planning and performing european security and defence policy and for work of military and civil EU mission EU (France presidency) preparing new guidelines on preventing violence over women – protection and promotion rigths of women in armed conflicts

Slovenian Presidency of EU (Januar – July 2008) Presidency statement on women and armed conflict (May 2008) –stressed the importance of a holistic EU approach, including different aspects of the issue –highlighted the need for the protection of women, their participation and empowerment in conflict prevention, resolution, peace-building, reconstruction and development, as well as for support to regional and local partnerships and to women’s peace organisations –underlined the importance of genuinely mainstreaming the issue of WAC in EU development cooperation policies and programmes, including in sectoral policies –condemned Sexual and Gender Based Violence, which is increasingly used as weapon of war, as one of the most serious problems in conflict and post- conflict situations, which requires a comprehensive approach that extends beyond health to issues such as security, justice and governance –emphasised the necessity for the EU to consider a framework of accountability in the implementation of policies regarding WAC, which should also involve partner countries and civil society organisations –The Presidency invites Member States, the Commission and the General Secretariat of the Council to take the work on WAC forward under the guidance of future Presidencies. The Presidency underlines the need to pursue efforts and dialog within the EU and with the international community to strengthen political leadership and the implementation of global responses, including the implementation of UNSCR 1325 and its review, as well as the review of the European Security Strategy