COL Michael M. Smith U.S. Special Operations Command INTERHANDS 2003

TOPICS How civil-military operations (CMO) are an integral part of HA/DR operations. The relationship amongst Civil Affairs (CA) and U.S., regional, international and non-governmental organizations.

TOPICS (ctd) How CMO supports HA/DR operations. How CMO promotes the integration of effort and helps minimize duplication of effort between US military and other organizations.

U.S. CIVIL MILITARY OPERATIONS (CMO) Establish Maintain Influence Military Forces TO ACHIEVE U.S. Pol/Mil GOALS Government Organizations IO/NGO Civil Populace Relations With

CIVIL AFFAIRS (CA) Active and reserve forces and units organized and trained to support Civil Military Operations (CMO) Act through the application of CA functional specialty skills and general support

CIVIL AFFAIRS UNITS Regionally oriented –350 CA Command - SOUTHCOM –351 CA Command - PACOM –352 CA Command - CENTCOM –353 CA Command - EUCOM Tend To Be Rank Heavy Both Generalists and Specialists

CIVIL AFFAIRS GENERALISTS Work at the tactical or operational level (large city or local region) One Active CA Battalion (Fort Bragg) 27 Reserve CA Battalions USSOUTHCOM & USARSO Immediate Contact Teams (DS Teams)

CIVIL AFFAIRS SPECIALISTS Work at the operational and strategic level (national or regional level) Reserve CA Brigades and Commands Four Functional Areas: –Public Facilities Functions –Government Functions –Special Functions –Economics and Commerce Functions

16 CA FUNTIONAL SKILLS: Government Functions & Public Facilities Functions International Law Public Administration Public Education Public Health Public Safety Public Communications Public Transportation Public Works and Utilities

16 CA FUNTIONAL SKILLS: Special Functions & Economics and Commerce Civil Information Cultural Relations Dislocated Civilians Emergency Services Environmental Management Food & Agriculture Civilian Supply Economic Development

TYPICAL EMPLOYMENT OF USAR CA SOLDIERS College Professors Veterinarians Doctors and Nurses Business Owners and Managers Private & Governmental Attorneys DOD Contractors Electrical Power Plant Workers Telephone Company Installers State Emergency Coordinators Public Health Workers

TYPICAL EMPLOYMENT OF USAR CA SOLDIERS Farmers Agriculture Experts International Security Specialists Installation Managers Engineers Construction Workers Local, State, Federal Law Enforcement Corrections Information Technology Specialists

350 TH CA COMMAND’S EXPERIENCES Hurricane Andrew (South Florida) Cuban migrant camps in Panama Hurricane Mitch Exercises/Medrete/Seminars Blazing Trails New Horizons

350TH CACOM’S HA/DR PROGRAM Team devoted to HA/DR program Cadre of 25 personnel Mainly Spanish speakers Members have regional knowledge

CIVIL AFFAIRS GENERAL TASKS Supporting Assisting Advising Coordinating Analyzing Informing Planning Preparing Training

CA RELATIONS WITH U.S., REGIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS Based upon understanding mutual objectives of relieving suffering, preventing loss of life and protection of property Long-term experience CA works to develop relationships CA can be a conduit for DOD support to HA/DR organizations

“The Fog of Relief” RELATIONSHIPS DURING DISASTERS “The Fog of Relief” UN Coord and Agencies UNICEF WFP UNDP NGO UNHCR NGO USG Red Cross ICRC Affected Country Needs and Requirements NGO Donor Other Donors NGO Donor NGO

EFFECTIVE RESPONSE ? History MILITARY & CIVILIAN RELATIONSHIPS CIVILIAN ORGANIZATIONS Perceptions & Methods MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS

Civil Affairs CIVIL AFFAIRS GOAL CIVILIAN ORGANIZATIONS Perceptions & Methods MILITARY ORGANIZATIONS EFFECTIVE RESPONSE

GENERAL CIVIL AFFAIRS ACTIONS IN HA/DR Assess damages and needs to align with DOD ability to support Coordinate support with: –OFDA and other USGA –Affected Nation(s) –Regional Agency(s) –IO/NGOs Assist with and monitor CMO

GENERAL CIVIL AFFAIRS ACTIONS IN HA/DR Coordinate military support Maintain records of response requests Acquire and disseminate information Minimize duplication of effort Plan transition to local authorities or other bodies as appropriate

CIVIL AFFAIRS SUPPORT TO US AUTHORITIES Support SOUTHCOM CINC –Begins with Pre-disaster coordination, planning, simulation –Disaster response Support U.S. Country Team –Operate with team at HCC/EOC/Embassy –Operate in the affected area

CIVIL AFFAIRS IN DISASTER RESPONSES Support Task Force Commander –Operate at HCC/EOC/Embassy/JTF HQTS –Operate in the affected area Support determined by the mission and SOUTHCOM CINC’s requirements for CA

CIVIL MILITARY OPERATION CENTER (CMOC) Used to assist as coordination center May be more than one J5 & CMOC operate in conjunction with HCC The CMOC does NOT control non- military agencies

CMOC Military: U.S. + ? NGO IO PVO ICRC US Gov’t Agencies UN Agencies HN/Local Populace

HUMANITARIAN COORDINATION CENTER (HOC) National level “CMOC” Affected nation is in charge Both a tool and a process Separates the national EOC from the foreign supporters to facilitate coordination with minimum confusion

COMPOSITION OF A HOC OTHER NATIONS CEPREDENAC CEDERA ECDG REGIONAL ORG. NGOs AND IOs MSF CARE DOCTORS OF THE WORLD SAVE THE CHILDREN INTERNATIONAL RESCUE COMMITTEE OTHER RELIEF AND BENEFIT ORGANIZATIONS OCHA UN USG AGENCIES OFDA/USAID COUNTRY TEAM US MILITARY HOC PAHO

HUMANITARIAN OPERATION CENTER

ROLE OF THE HCC INTERFACE LIASE COORDINATE INTEGRATE SYNCHRONIZE