Agricultural Engineering Agriscience Applications By: Johnny M. Jessup FFA Advisor/Agriculture Teacher

Safety Awareness  Safety is being prepared since almost 50% of all farm related accidents involve working with machinery & equipment.  Safety is developing an environment free from danger, risk, or injury.

Safety Awareness  The #1 key to shop safety is the people who use the shop.  Workers should always….  Be trained in proper tool operations.  Pass a safety test before using the shop.

Principles for Safety  Keep the shop in an orderly manner to prevent tripping and related injuries.  Remove unnecessary hazards such as oily rags.  Minimize danger by making certain all machines have safety shields to place prior to an during operation.

Principles for Safety  Wear appropriate protective clothing & devices.  Safety glasses & goggles prevent eye injury from dust and flying objects.  Leather steel-toed shoes offer protection should items be dropped or fall on the feet.  Ear plugs or ear muffs can prevent hearing loss when the noise level exceeds 90 dB (decibels).

Safety Color Coding  National organizations worked together.  Code was published by the….  American Society of Agricultural Engineers  Safety Committee of the American Vocational Association  Color coding alerts people to dangers & hazards, provides information to help one react quickly in an emergency.

Basic Colors  Red  Identifies areas of danger.  Used on safety switches & fire extinguishers.  Danger

Basic Colors  Orange  Identifies wheels, levers, and knobs.  Warning

Basic Colors  Yellow  Identifies that wheels, levels, and knobs that adjust or control machines.  Caution

Basic Colors  Blue  Used on signs such as “Out of order” to identify broken shop equipment that does not work properly.  Information

Basic Colors  Green  Indicates the presence of first aid and safety equipment.  Safety

Fire Hazards in the Agricultural Mechanics Shop

The Fire Triangle  Fuel  Any combustible material that will burn  Examples:  Oily rags  Saw dust  Paper

The Fire Triangle  Heat  Most materials will burn if they are made hot enough.

The Fire Triangle  Oxygen  Gas in the atmosphere that is not a fuel, but must be present for fuels to burn.

The Fire Triangle

Fire Prevention  Take away one of the components of the fuel triangle and fire will not start or will stop if it has started.  Safe storage of fuels is the easiest fire prevention technique.  Clean shop facilities also decrease the chance of fire.

Fire Extinguishers  Know the kind of fire extinguisher that is used for different kinds of fires prior to the fire.  Class A is used for ordinary combustibles.  Class B is used for flammable liquids.  Class C is used for electrical equipment.  Class D is used for combustible metals. D CB A

Fire Extinguishers  Know the placement of fire extinguishers so that time is not taken looking for them if a fire occurs.  Should be hung on walls within easy reach in areas where fires would most likely occur.

Using Fire Extinguishers  Know how to use the fire extinguisher.  Hold upright, pull the ring pin, press the lever.  The nozzle of the extinguisher is directed toward the base of the fire to discharge the extinguisher.

Smothering a Fire  Best used on a person whose clothes are on fire.  Wrap the person in a blanket to cut the oxygen off to the fire.

Planning Agricultural Engineering Projects

Instruments for Simple Designs  Sharp Lead Pencil  Needed for the highest quality scale drawing.  Protractor  Used for drawing & measuring angles.  Good Eraser  Helps makes corrections without distorting the image.  12 inch Ruler  Works for basic drawing.  Compass  Used for drawing circles & arches.

Instruments for Detailed Designs  Drawing Board  Used for attaching the drawing paper.  Masking Tape  Used to secure the drawing paper to the drawing board.  T-Square  Helpful for drawing horizontal lines.

Instruments for Detailed Designs  Right Triangle  30 o x 60 o x 40 o  Used to draw vertical lines.  Scale  Instrument with all increments shortened according to proportion.  Two Types  Flat Scale – looks similar to a ruler.  Triangular scales – three sides, but six scales.

Basics of Drawing  Sketch  Rough drawing that is not to scale.  Sketches do not have dimensions included.  Pictorial Drawing  Shows all three sides dimensions at once.  All three views (front, side (end), and top are in view.

A Pictorial Drawing A. Top view B. Side or End view C. Front view

Basics of Drawing  Scale drawing  Represents an object in exact proportion.  Object is larger/smaller than the drawing itself.  Examples: ¼” = 1’  Then ¼” on the drawing would equal 1’ on the actual object.  2” line on the drawing would equal 8’ on the object. (2 divided by ¼ = 8)  The scale will vary depending on the size of the object being drawn.

Determining Materials  Bill of Materials  Complete list and description of all materials needed to construct a project.  Abbreviations are often used.  BF= Board foot  LF= Linear foot

Determining Board Feet  Determining board feet for small pieces. BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (inches) 144  Determining board feet for large pieces. BF = Thickness (inches) x width (inches) x length (feet) 12

Determining Board Feet  How many board feet are in a board 4” x 6” x 24”?  BF = 4” x 6” x 24” = 576” = 1 BF  How many board feet are in a board 1” x 12” x 8’?  BF = 1” x 12” x 8’ = 96 = 8 BF 12 12

Basic Construction Projects Tips

Wood Projects  Fastest way to fasten wood is by nailing.  Nail hammer or nail gun are preferred tools for driving nails.  Screws hold better than nails and are driven quickly with power screwdrivers.  Flathead screw is the one most used in woodworking.

Wood Projects  Bolts are particularly useful for fastening wood at high stress points.  Gluing is the strongest method of fastening wood.  Often used along with nails, screws, etc.  Boards are held in place for gluing by clamps.  Dowel pins are round wood pins sometimes used to strengthen wood joints.

Metal Projects  Steel  Most commonly used metal in agricultural mechanics.

Marking Steel  Presents a special problem as pencil marks do not show up well.  Soapstone  Soft, gray rock.  Cut into thin pieces resembling pencils.  Shows up well on most metals.

Cutting Metal  Hack Saw  Hand tool most often used for cutting metal.  Especially useful for cutting thin conduit.  Metal Cutting Band Saw & Power Hacksaws  May be used for large projects.

Careers

 Attracts students interested in operation, maintenance, service, and selling of agricultural equipment.  Varied careers in Production support such as Tractor mechanic, farm machinery assembler, Agriculture Safety Engineer.

Careers  Careers also in horticulture such as irrigation engineer, Lawn mower mechanic, Agriculture Equipment designer.  Education varies with the type of Agriscience mechanics career chosen and working conditions.  Broad field includes agricultural processing.

Careers  Electricians design & wire agricultural equipment structures.

Careers  Use of engineering equipment like levels & tripods to survey, layoff, and construct terraces.  Use of earth moving machinery to control erosion.

Careers  Diesel mechanics are in demand because…..  Of the large amounts of diesel powered equipment.  Builders of structures & equipment.

Designed By:  Johnny M. Jessup, FFA Advisor  Hobbton High School