Safety & Tools (Ch 2)

2 Small Engine Safety Never operate an engine in an enclosed area. Work in a space with room for maneuvering. Engines should be operated only by qualified personnel. Do not have open flame near flammables. Allow engine to cool before refueling. Take care of spilled gas Be familiar with engine shut off procedures. Do not operate an engine with the air cleaner removed. Do no operate an engine with out a muffler. Disengage an engine from driven equipment before starting. Never leave an operating engine unattended Do not operate an engine at excessive speeds. Avid contact with hot engine parts. Keep feet, hands, and clothing away from moving engine and equipment components. Do not attempt to crank an engine with the spark plug removed Always have an approved fire extinguisher near the work area.

3 Safety and Product Standards Government agencies Standards Organizations Technical Societies Private organizations Trade associations Training Organizations Student Organizations

4 Government Agencies OSHAOccupational Safety and Health Administration CFRCode of Federal Regulations: NIOSHNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health: EPAEnvironmental Protection Agency: DODDepartment of Defense: DOTDepartment of Transportation CPSCConsumer Product Safety Commission

5 Standards Organizations. ANSI American National Standards Institute: CSACanadian Standards Association: ISOInternational Organization for Standardization:

6 Technical Societies ASABEAmerican Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers SAESociety of Automotive Engineers ASTMAmerican Society for Testing Materials

7 Private Organizations ULUnderwriters Laboratories NFPANational Fire Protection Association

8 Trade Associations OPEIOutdoor Power Equipment Institute APIAmerican Petroleum Institute Trade Organizations EETCEquipment and Engine Training Council OPEESAOutdoor Power Equipment and Engine Service Association AEDAssociated Equipment Distributors

9 Student Organizations FFA SkillsUSA-VICKA

10 Fire Safety Small gas engine facilities commonly have flammable materials in the area. Flammable materials must be used and stored correctly. A fire must have oxygen, heat and fuel, and these must be in sufficient quantities to cause a chemical reaction. Removal of any one of the four items will stop a fire.

11 Portable Fire Extinguishers Use a portable fire extinguisher when the fire is confined to a small area, such as a wastebasket, and is not growing; everyone has exited the building; the fire department has been called or is being called; and the room is not filled with smoke. (NFPA) To operate a fire extinguisher, remember the word PASS: –Pull the pin. Hold the extinguisher with the nozzle pointing away from you, and release the locking mechanism. –Aim low. Point the extinguisher at the base of the fire. –Squeeze the lever slowly and evenly. –Sweep the nozzle from side-to-side.

12 Fire Extinguishers Fire extinguishers are rated for the class of fire. Classes of fire. –A–A –B–B –C–C –D–D Combustibles such as paper, wood, cloth rubber, plastics, refuse and upholstery. Combustible liquids such as gasoline, oil, grease, and paint. Electrical equipment such as motors, appliances, and wiring. Combustible metals such as magnesium, potassium, sodium, titanium, and zirconium.

13 Types of Fire Extinguishers Pressurized Water ABC Dry Chemical Carbon Dioxide

14 Safety Principles Flammable Liquid: A liquid with a flash point below 100 o F. Flash Point: the lowest temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapor to sustain combustion. oFoFLiquid oFoF -36Gasoline100Kerosene -4Acetone104Mineral spirits 50Ethyl alcohol125Diesel fuel (No. 2) Flash Point Flammable liquids should be stored in a safety can. Safety cans should be stored in a safety cabinet. Rags and paper contaminated with a flammable liquid should be placed in an oily waste can.

15 Safety Principles-cont. Combustible liquid: A liquid with a flash point at or above 100 o F. Testing flash point Spontaneous combustion: Self-ignition caused by chemical reaction and temperature buildup in waste materials. Carbon Monoxide: A toxic gas produced by incomplete combustion. CO is slightly lighter than air. Humid conditions may cause it to remain stationary.

16 PPE (Personal Protective Equipment) Every occupation and every activity has PPE that should be worn. The appropriate PPE is a function of the hazards. Small gas engines PPE: Clothing Eye Ear Respiratory Hand Foot Back Hazard: anything that has the potential to cause an accident. Prevent injury and provide a professional appearance. Required when there is a reasonable probability of flying particles, molten metal, chemical liquids or gases, radiant energy or a combination of any or all of these. Engines and tools produce loud noises. Loss caused by intensity and duration of exposure. Required when exposed to chemical hazards, any chemical that is toxic when inhaled, absorbed, or ingested. Required to prevent injuries from burns, cuts and the absorption of chemicals. Typical injury caused by an 65 pound object falling less than 4 feet. Anyone that does anything will hurt their back someday. Most back injuries are the result of improper lifting.

17 NFPA Hazard Signal System Health Hazard 4 Deadly 3 Extreme danger 2 Hazardous 1 Slightly hazardous 0 Normal material Specific Hazard OX Oxidizer ACID Acid ALK Alkali COR Corrosive W Use no water Radiation hazard Fire Hazard (Flash Points) 4 Below 73 o F 3 Below 100 o F 2 Below 200 o F 1 Above 200 o F 0 Will not burn Reactivity 4 May detonate 3 Shock & heat may detonate 2 Violent chemical change 1 Unstable if heated 0 Stable

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