Thursday, December 10 Do-Now Agenda Amendments Review Homework Do-Now Homework check Notes & discussion on the creation of the U.S. Constitution Homework Prepare for tomorrow’s Constitution game BRING YOUR BOOKS TO CLASS TOMORROW!!!

THE BILL OF RIGHTS AMENDMENTS 11-27 1. Which says that you cannot be forced to testify against yourself? _________ 2. The ____ Amendment guarantees Freedom of Religion, Speech, the Press, the Right of Assembly, and the Right to Petition the Government. 5. The 3rd Amdmt says that there shall be no quartering of _________ in homes during peace. 6. The 6th Amdmt says that if you are accused of a crime, you have a right to a Trial ____ _________. 7. Which Amendment says that there shall be “No cruel and unusual punishment”? ____ 8. The 10th Amendment says that rights not given to the Federal Government belong to the ___________ and the _____________. AMENDMENTS 11-27 9. The 13th Amendment Freed the ____________. 10. The 14th Amendment gave _________________ to Freedmen (former slaves). 11. The 15th Amendment gave Freedmen the Right to __________. 12. The 16th Amendment made the ____________ ______ constitutional. 13. The 18th Amendment made _____________ illegal. 14. Which Amendment repealed the 18th Amendment? ____ 15. The 22nd Amendment limits the President to _____ terms. 16. Which gave Women the Right to Vote? ____ 17. Which Amendment said that there would be No Poll Tax (Tax on Voting)? ____ 18. The 26th Amendment gave 18 year olds the Right to __________. 3. The 2nd Amendment guarantees the Right to ________ _______. 4. The ____ Amendment protects us from illegal search and seizure.

Creating the U.S. Constitution

Constitution & Bill of Rights Timeline Approximate Date & Event 1781  Articles of Confederation ratified 1783  Treaty of Paris officially ended Revolutionary War 1783 Land Ordinance of 1784, (followed 1785 and 1787) provided for the orderly settlement of territories, civil rights, and statehood process. 1787  Shays’ Rebellion in Massachusetts; Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia 1788  Constitution ratified by eleventh state 1789  First national elections; George Washington elected President 1791  Bill of Rights adopted

REVIEW: What effect did Shays’ Rebellion have on the Constitution?

REVIEW: What main issues divided the Constitutional Convention? ISSUE ARGUMENTS 1. Articles of - Revise or replace? Confederation 2. Representation - By population? Equal by state? 3. Type of Gov’t - Democracy? Republic? 4. Division of power - Federalist vs. Anti-Federalist 5. Slavery - Legal? Prohibited? Census?

REVIEW: Virginia Plan v. New Jersey Plan # of houses in legislature 2 bicameral 1 unicameral How is representation determined State population OR financial support given to the central government Equal representation for each state Upper house: all states get equal representation; Lower house: rep by state population How are representatives chosen Lower house: elected by pop. vote Upper house: state legislatures nominate, then lower house votes Elected by state legislatures Lower house: Elected by pop. vote in states; Upper house: Representatives chosen by state legislatures WINNER!

What was the Great (Connecticut) Compromise? Without compromise, you have conflict! Roger Sherman, CT Blend of NJ and VA plans Bi-cameral (2 chamber) legislature Chief executive (president) will be chosen by an electoral college instead of direct election Made possible a strong central govt Checks and balances

What was gained by changing to a 3-branch system of government? Why didn’t the Articles of Confederation include an executive or a judicial branch? Feared strong central government / monarchy - Solution: One branch (legislative) with limited powers - Sovereign states connected by a “rope of sand” What was gained by changing to a 3-branch system of government? More power to enforce laws! Also CHECKS & BALANCES! Each branch has powers assigned which limit, or check the powers of another, creating a system of balance where none can become too powerful

Introduction to Checks and Balances in Federal Government The concept of checking and balancing power

The Supreme Court Building JUDICIAL BRANCH The Supreme Court Building LEGISLATIVE BRANCH The Capitol Building EXECUTIVE BRANCH The White house

Executive Branch Checks the Legislative Branch President can veto laws passed by the Congress President proposes laws to Congress President submits the Federal Budget to the House of Reps. for approval President appoints federal officials, who carry out and enforce laws

Executive Branch Checks the Judicial Branch Nominates judges to the Supreme Court Nominates judges to the federal court system President has the power to pardon individuals convicted of crimes President can grant amnesty, forgiving a class of crime

Legislative Branch Checks on the Executive Branch Congress can overturn a Presidential veto with a 2/3 vote of both houses Senate can reject proposed treaties (2/3 vote to approve) Senate can reject presidential nominations of federal officials or judges Congress can impeach and remove the President (House serves as prosecution, Senate serves as jury)

Legislative Branch Checks on the Judicial Branch Congress can create lower courts Senate can reject nominees to the federal courts/Supreme Court Congress can amend the Constitution to overturn decisions of the Supreme Court Congress can impeach judges and remove from the bench

Judicial Branch Checks on the Executive Branch Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule laws unconstitutional Coming Soon!!! Marbury v. Madison

Judicial Branch Checks on the Legislative Branch Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule presidential actions unconstitutional Supreme Court can use the power of judicial review to rule treaties unconstitutional

So what’s the point!?!? Why take all the trouble to create a complex system of “checks and balances”?

Did the Articles of Confederation have any success at all? Yes! Northwest Ordinance An effective system for est. statehood from new territories What caused the delegates to question their new government and even their new independence? Disagreements over government Anti-federalists v. Federalists Rebellions like Shays’ Anarchy without a king! Failures of the Articles of Confederation Not enough federal powers over the people! ?

REVIEW: What was the Constitutional Convention? Meeting in Philadelphia, Independence Hall to address problems with the A. of C. Took <4 months to write document in effect now for >200 yrs What does “E Pluribus Unum” mean? Latin for “Out of Many, One” Purpose of a federal system of government like the one described in the Constitution! Many 1

The Seal of the United States

Why was James Madison the “Father of the Constitution”? Quiet, educated VA man History, government, philosophy, etc. First to the convention 3 months early carrying “blueprint” Est. gov’t to promote the good and restrict the bad in people What Purpose is stated in the preamble? Form a union to establish justice, peace, and protection Promote the liberty and welfare of its citizens

The Three-Fifths Compromise Agreements to be made… The Great Compromise How will the power be divided!? The Three-Fifths Compromise How will we determine representation!?

The United States Constitution September 17, 1787 – The convention approved the final draft Goals set in the preamble: We the people of the United States of America, in order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

The story of American FEDERALISM REVIEW: After the failure of the Articles of Confederation delegates met at the Constitutional Convention to revise the articles. Instead they rewrote the entire government. Needed to strengthen the national government. This was not without debate. Most recognized the need to strengthen the national government, but the question was how and how much? Many feared that a strong central government would abuse it's powers as the King in England did. Others felt the government needed to be strong in order to run the nation efficiently. In the end they developed a balanced system called Federalism.

The Delegates Create a Federal Government Federalism 1. A system of government that creates a central government and local state governments 2. The powers of the national and state governments are divided and balanced

How did the Federalist and Anti-Federalists differ in their opinions? - James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay - Favored ratification of constitution - Wanted strong but balanced federal govt. - Printed a series of articles in New York supporting ratification of the new Constitution that became known as the Federalist papers. Anti-federalists - Patrick Henry and Sam Adams, Thomas Jefferson - Feared strong central govt. - Supported states rights - Proof was lack of Bill of Rights Federalists won but had to promise a Bill of Rights would be their first order of business.

How the Powers are Divided Delegated Powers National / Federal Reserved Powers State Concurrent Powers Shared Declare war Establish peace Weights & measures Negotiate treaties Immigration /Naturalization Establish Post Offices Interstate Commerce Schooling / Education License professionals Charter businesses Marriage/Divorce laws Regulate intrastate trade Health and safety Punish lawbreakers Tax Establish courts

THE U.S. CONSTITUTION 1. The Constitution was written in ________ (year). 2. There were ____ (number) delegates at the Constitutional Convention. 3. The Constitution was written in ___________ (city). 4. The _________ lists the GOALS of the Constitution. 8. Representation in the House of Representatives is based on the ___________ of the state. 9. The head of the House of Representatives is the ___________________. 10. Senators must be at least ____ years old, ____ years a U.S. Citizen, and live in the _________ from which they are elected. 11. Senators serve a ____ year term. 12. The Senate has ________ representation. (____Senators from each State.) 13. The head of the Senate is the _____________. 14. The Executive Branch ____________ laws. 15. Presidents must be > ____ years old, a ________ U.S. Citizen, and have lived in the U.S. ____ years. 16. The President serves a ____ year term, and after the 22nd Amendment, he can serve no more than ____ terms. 17. The Judicial Branch ____________ laws. 18. Judges serve for __________ (how long?). 19. Powers given to the Federal Government are called ____________ powers. 20. Powers kept for the States are called ___________ powers. 21. Powers that are shared by both the Federal & State Governments are called _______________ powers. 22. Amendments are proposed by _____________ and approved by ______________. 23. Article VI of the Constitution says the Constitution is the ______________________ (Higher than any law or person). 24. The Constitution was adopted when ____ of the 13 states approved it. 24. There have been ____ Amendments to the Constitution and the first ten amendments are called the ___________________. 5. The ______________ branch MAKES Laws. 6. Representatives must be at least ____ years old, ____ years a U.S. Citizen, and Live in the ____________ from which they are elected. 7. Representatives serve a ____ year term.