Hildebrandt Intermediate TAKS REVIEW Hildebrandt Intermediate

Lab Safety Rules If you have long hair, pull it away from your face or put in a ponytail. Do not put your face or hands over any boiling liquid. Never point a container at yourself or anyone else while it is being heated. Always cut away from your body and others. Dispose of all chemicals and used materials in their designated containers, do not assume that everything goes in the garbage or down the drain. If you come in contact with a chemical or you are injured, notify the teacher immediately. When in doubt, notify your teacher. Always add acids and bases to water NOT the other way around.

Image: http://morrisonlabs.com/lab_safety.htm What’s wrong? Identify 6 different safety concerns shown in the picture below. Image: http://morrisonlabs.com/lab_safety.htm

The answers are … Don’t fool around during a lab. Always wear safety goggles when doing an experiment Always point test tubes and other items away from yourself and others when heating. Don’t eat or drink while in the lab. Keep hair and other flammable objects away from flames. Don’t leave a flame unattended. Image: http://morrisonlabs.com/lab_safety.htm

Image: http://morrisonlabs.com/lab_safety.htm What’s wrong? Identify 9 different safety concerns shown in the picture below. Image: http://morrisonlabs.com/lab_safety.htm

The answers are … Always wear safety goggles during a lab. Don’t smell directly from a container - WAFT. Don’t heat closed containers. Keep your lab area neat and clean. Don’t place lab materials near the edge of the table. Keep papers and other flammable objects away from flames. Unplug equipment when not in use. Don’t leave materials laying on the floor. Clean up spills immediately Image: http://morrisonlabs.com/lab_safety.htm

Scientific Method Question – “Will ________ affect __________”? Hypothesis – “If I do this, then this will happen.” Variables Independent – What did I change? Dependent – What am I recording? Data Controlled – What did I keep the same? No Change Materials – Items you used to conduct experiment. Procedure – What did you do? The steps of the experiment. Like a recipe. Data – Collection of information in forms of charts and graphs. Conclusion – Summation of whether or not your hypothesis was proven (correct) or disproven (incorrect).

Read the information below and then answer the questions. SpongeBob and Patrick love to go jellyfishing. They wondered if a new brand of jellyfish bait would help them catch more jellyfish. To test their idea, they bought a big container of bait for their next 3 trips to their top-secret fishing spot. SpongeBob fished without any bait, while Patrick used the new bait. Both of them kept track of how many jellyfish they caught in 30 minutes, which is shown in the chart. SpongeBob Patrick 25 24 18 28 26 19 Which person was the control? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. Based on the data, how would you rate the new bait?

Read the information below and then answer the questions. SpongeBob and Patrick love to go jellyfishing. They wondered if a new brand of jellyfish bait would help them catch more jellyfish. To test their idea, they bought a big container of bait for their next 3 trips to their top-secret fishing spot. SpongeBob fished without any bait, while Patrick used the new bait. Both of them kept track of how many jellyfish they caught in 30 minutes, which is shown in the chart. SpongeBob Patrick 25 24 18 28 26 19 SpongeBob Which person was the control? 2. What is the independent variable? Jellyfish Bait 3. What is the dependent variable? Number of jellyfish caught 4. Based on the data, how would you rate the new bait? The bait appears to have helped a small amount, but shouldn’t be rated as a great deal. Overall Patrick caught 2 more jellyfish than SpongeBob.

Read the information below and then answer the questions. SpongeBob loves to grow flowers for his pal Sandy, who loves big, colorful flowers. He found a new brand of seeds coated with a special “booster” fertilizer that said it would produce huge flowers. He planted 5 of the new seeds in one container and 5 of the old brand of seeds in another container. He placed both containers on a sunny windowsill and watered them every day. He measured the diameter of each flower, which is shown in the chart. Old Seeds 10 cm 12 cm 14 cm 6 cm 8 cm New Seeds 16 cm Which group was the control? 2. What is the independent variable? 3. What is the dependent variable? 4. What is the average diameter for each group? 5. Which seeds are the best for big flowers?

Read the information below and then answer the questions. SpongeBob loves to grow flowers for his pal Sandy, who loves big, colorful flowers. He found a new brand of seeds coated with a special “booster” fertilizer that said it would produce huge flowers. He planted 5 of the new seeds in one container and 5 of the old brand of seeds in another container. He placed both containers on a sunny windowsill and watered them every day. He measured the diameter of each flower, which is shown in the chart. Old Seeds 10 cm 12 cm 14 cm 6 cm 8 cm New Seeds 16 cm Which group was the control? The seeds without the booster fertilizer 2. What is the independent variable? Booster fertilizer on the new seeds 3. What is the dependent variable? Size or diameter of the flower 4. What is the average diameter for each group? Old = 10 cm, New = 12 cm 5. Which seeds are the best for big flowers? New seeds w/ the booster

Inferences An inference is an explanation based on prior knowledge and experience. When you drop a ball, what does it do? It bounces of course.

Types of Graphs Pie Charts Line Graph Show parts over whole Bar Graph Show percentages Line Graph Show change over time Bar Graph Show comparison of multiple items

Which Graph? Which graph is a good choice when you are talking about pieces that make a whole? Pie chart Which graph is a good choice when you need to compare different items? Bar graph Which graph is a good choice when different measurements of the same item are recorded over time? Line graph

Graph Measurements Percent – shows parts to a whole What percent is one half? What percent is six eighths? Average – 1. add up all the numbers 2. divide the sum by the number of addends What is the average of 2.3, 2.78, and 3.44? First add (line up all the decimals) = 8.22 Next divide 8.22 by 3 (you added three numbers together) = 2. 74

Graph Measurements Range – difference between the largest and smallest numbers Difference tells you to subtract What is the range of 4 through 10? 10 – 4 = 6 What is the range of 9.78 through 4.56? 9.78 – 4.56 = 5.22

Graph Measurements Frequency – is how often something occurs In 10 seconds, how many times can you say this phrase? Susie sells sea shells by the sea shore.

Graphs What kind of graph would you use to show this information? line graph What variable goes on the X axis? water depth (in meters) What variable goes on the Y axis? temperature in degrees Celsius DRY (dependent – y axis) MIX (independent – x axis)

Graphs Based on this information, what happens to the water temperature as the ocean depth increases?

Models Have you ever built a model car? Is it actual size? A model is a good representation of the actual object, but on a smaller scale. Models have their limitations. Can we make a life size replica of our solar system? We can make a model of our solar system, but a life size replica would not be possible. What are some limitations of using an apple to represent the Earth?

Equipment Which instrument could be used to determine the volume of an irregularly shaped solid? Graduated cylinder

Equipment Mrs. Koch needs to measure the density of a regular shaped object. What equipment is needed to complete this lab? Triple beam balance (grams = mass) Ruler (cubic centimeters = cm3) or Graduated cylinder (milliliters = mL)

Equipment Mrs. Clark is a fast runner. Mrs. Meyer decides that the class should calculate her actual speed. What pieces of equipment would be needed to complete this experiment? Stop watch (calculate time) Meter sticks (measure distance)

Equipment Mrs. Crannie’s classes need to study the water in the local pond. What pieces of equipment would be needed to study what organisms actually live in the water? Beaker – to collect pond water samples Dropper – to get a small sample Microscope slide – to place sample on Microscope – to examine the sample

Equipment Students were instructed to heat a small sample of liquid in a container. What pieces of equipment would be needed to conduct this experiment? Test tubes Test tube holder Bunsen burner Safety goggles

Safety Equipment What piece of equipment is shown?

Safety Equipment What piece of safety equipment is shown?

Safety Equipment What piece of safety equipment is shown?

Safety Equipment What piece of safety equipment is shown?

Unit of Measurement What unit do we use to measure mass? Grams What unit do we use to measure liquid volume? Liters What unit do we use to measure length? meters

a hill ! What is the major landform shown on the topographic Map below? a hill !

What is the contour interval on this map?

The closed terrarium models a plant ecosystem. The plant Cannot survive over a long period of time in this terrarium Because it limits the growth of the plant. What factor will most limit the plants growth? A decrease in carbon dioxide Decrease in oxygen Evaporation of water Lack of sunlight

The student is digging to collect soil samples. What is the least important safety practice for this activity? Wearing goggles Wearing close-toed shoes Knowing where the shovel is Removing jewelry

The two images are view of the same salt crystals under a microscope. Which action would most likely cause the difference in size of the individual salt grains between the two views? Switching the objective lens Adjusting the diaphragm C. Turning the fine adjustment knob D. Changing the angle of the light source

Heating a mixture of two liquids Match the pieces of equipment needed to do each job listed: Heating a mixture of two liquids Examining a sample of pond water under a microscope