1st Six Weeks CBA Review World Geography

Geography is… The study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on the earth.

5 Themes of Geography Location (#1 Theme) “Where is it?” Relative Location Around the corner, take a left I live next to the Kroger on 518. Absolute Location Coordinates – 29° 59' N, 95° 22' W 1324 Illinois Street Latitude – run parallel to the equator Longitude – go around the earth over the poles

The grid system Latitude – run parallel to the equator, measure distances north and south, called parallels Longitude – go around the earth over the poles, measure distances east and west, 24 imaginary lines X 15° apart = 360°, called meridians

Place (#2 Theme) “What is it like?” All the physical and cultural characteristics of a place http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Fuji http://www.coara.or.jp/~mieko/39gold.htm

Region “How are places similar or different?” Formal Functional Perceptual

Human Environment Interaction “How do people relate to the physical world?” Learn to use what the environment offers Change the environment to meet our needs http://www.skagitriverhistory.com/Photo_Gallery/Flood%20Fight%2011-6-06%20(10).JPG

Movement “How do people, goods, and ideas move from one location to another?” Linear distance Time distance Email – instantaneous

Geographer’s Tools Globe – 3-D representation of earth Map – 2-D representation of earth Political map Defines borders Human-created features Physical map Shows landforms/bodies of water Nature-created features http://www.mapsofworld.com/usa-map.html

Relief The difference in elevation of a landform from its lowest point to its highest point Mountains Hills Plains Plateaus As elevation increases, temperatures decrease

Contour Lines Lines on a map that show elevation above sea level http://raider.muc.edu/~mcnaugma/Topographic%20Maps/contour.htm

Topography The physical features of the earth’s surface Topographic map with Contour lines http://www.compassdude.com/topographic-maps.shtml

Structure of the Earth Atmosphere – layer of gases surrounding the earth Hydrosphere – all the water elements on the earth Lithosphere – solid rock portion of the earth’s surface including crust and uppermost mantle Biosphere – atmosphere, hydrosphere and lithosphere combine to create habitat where animals and plants live

Ocean Currents Ocean currents help determine Temperatures in a climate Precipitation in a climate Ocean currents are caused by Rotation of the earth Wind/air currents Differences in water temperature

Pangaea – the Supercontinent http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pangaea http://www.platetectonics.com/book/page_7.asp

Tectonic Plates http://www.moorlandschool.co.uk/earth/tectonic.htm

Pacific Ring of Fire – about 80% of all earthquakes happen HERE http://www.wnet.org/savageearth/hellscrust/html/sb3-ringfire.html

Plate Movement Type What it means Example Divergent Plates move apart, spread horizontally Between Saudi Arabia and Egypt Convergent - subduction Plates bump, one moves under the other Coast of South America Convergent – collision Plates collide, crumble and build Himalayas - mountain range connecting India to Asia Transform Plates slide past each other San Andreas Fault in Calif.

Landforms http://www.fas.org/irp/imint/docs/rst/Sect2/Sect2_1a.html

Precipitation Type What it does Where it occurs Frontal 2 air masses of different temps or density meet Middle latitudes Orographic Falls on the windward side of hills or mountains, bypasses leeward side Mountain ranges or large hills Convectional Sun heats air, hot air rises, afternoon clouds form, rain falls Tropical hot, moist climates

Typhoons Extreme weather Happen in Asia Equal to American hurricanes http://www.solar.ifa.hawaii.edu/Tropical/Gif/nwp.latest.gif

Seasons Season Day Associated with features Winter Winter Solstice Seasons are caused by the way Earth is tilted and how it revolves around the sun. Seasons are opposite in the northern and southern hemispheres. Season Day Associated with features Winter Winter Solstice Shortest day Spring Vernal Equinox Days/nights = Summer Summer Solstice Longest day Fall (Autumn) Autumnal Equinox

Southern Hemisphere While the northern hemisphere celebrates summer, it is winter in the southern hemisphere. In December (summer at the South Pole) in Antarctica, the days are very long. It is still very cold, despite the long hours of sunlight.

Continents