AGE OF EXPLORATION OBJECTIVES: Explain how advances in learning and technology influenced fifteenth and sixteenth century European exploration and trade. Analyze the effects of the Columbian exchange (the interchange of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World) on the population and economy of Europe in the period 1550 to 1700.

AGE OF EXPLORATION I. Opening of the Atlantic A. Causes : Motives

AGE OF EXPLORATION I. Opening of the Atlantic A. Causes: Means

AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires A. Portugal

AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires B. Spain

AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires B. Spain

Montezuma II Fernando Cortez AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires B. Spain Montezuma II Fernando Cortez

Atahualpa Francisco Pizarro AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires B. Spain Atahualpa Francisco Pizarro

AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires B. Spain

Official European Colony! AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires C. Cycle of Conquest Explorers Conquistadores Official European Colony! Missionaries Permanent Settlers

AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires D. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Existed in Africa before the coming of the Europeans. Portuguese replaced European slaves with Africans. Sugar cane & sugar plantations. First boatload of African slaves brought by the Spanish in 1518. 275,000 enslaved Africans exported to other countries. Between 16c & 19c, about 10 million Africans shipped to the Americas.

AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires D. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade

Sharks followed the slave ships! AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires D. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Sharks followed the slave ships!

Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires D. Trans Atlantic Slave Trade Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

Peninsulares Creoles Mulattos Mestizos Native Indians Black Slaves AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires E. Colonial Class System Peninsulares Creoles Mulattos Mestizos Native Indians Black Slaves

AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires D. Control of Colonial Empires 1. Encomienda 2. Viceroy

AGE OF EXPLORATION II. Development of Colonial Empires D. Control of Colonial Empires 3. Bartolome de Las Casas

AGE OF EXPLORATION II. MEETING OF TWO WORLDS: EFFECTS A. Columbian Exchange Squash Avocado Peppers Sweet Potatoes Turkey Pumpkin Tobacco Quinine Cocoa Pineapple Cassava POTATO Peanut TOMATO Vanilla MAIZE Syphilis Trinkets Liquor GUNS Olive COFFEE BEAN Banana Rice Onion Turnip Honeybee Barley Grape Peach SUGAR CANE Oats Citrus Fruits Pear Wheat HORSE Cattle Sheep Pigs Smallpox Flu Typhus Measles Malaria Diptheria Whooping Cough

AGE OF EXPLORATION II. MEETING OF TWO WORLDS: EFFECTS B. Commercial Revolution 1. Rising Population 2. Rising Inflation 3. Price Revolution a. Why? b. “cash crops” = gentry 4. Banking & Capitalism = Dutch 5. Putting Out System = Textiles

AGE OF EXPLORATION II. MEETING OF TWO WORLDS: EFFECTS B. Commercial Revolution 6. Joint Stock Co. = Dutch & British East India Co. 7. Mercantilism Wealth =measured in terms of commodities—especially gold and silver-exports & colonies Colonies Exist for Benefit of Mother Country—not for mutual benefit Government Intervention —provide incentives & balance of trade Econ. Activities increase power of natl. govt. C. Results 1. Disease kills perhaps 25 mil. (80%) of Indians in America 2. Europeans began transporting slaves from Africa to Americas 3. Colonial rivalries 4. Commercial Revolution, Price Revolution, & Columbian Exchange