WRITING ISSUES: Plagiarism! Michael Frizell, Director

2 Adapted from: Barbara Gross Davis, University of California, Berkeley, Supplemented with material from: Because Writing Matters from the National Writing Project

PART 1: Writing Effective Papers

“The act of writing something down is basically the decision to forget it.” - Plato 4 Pictured: Aristotle & Homer

UNTITLED INSTRUCTIONS The procedure is actually quite simple. First, you must separate the items into piles accordingly. Then, set temperatures according to the facilities at hand. Use as directed.

UNTITLED INSTRUCTIONS To do it, you should position your front foot with your toe slid back toward the heel-edge. Your rear foot should be positioned with your toe on the opposite corner, namely the toe-edge of the tail. At a moderate to slow speed, pop an ollie, but as you kick your front foot for the "flip," swing your back foot underneath and behind you 360- shove-it-style. This will rotate it around as it spins. The whole thing should take about the same amount of time a kickflip does, so you won't have to hang too long. When the nose comes back around and the griptape side shows upward, stick your feet back on and land it.

Academic Writing… …is writing done by scholars for other scholars. …is devoted to topics and questions that are of interest to the academic community. …should present the reader with an informed argument.

Paper Structure Introduction Thesis “Roadmap” “Hook” BODY: 1 st Main Point Topic Sentence Support BODY: 2 nd Main Point Topic Sentence Support BODY: 3 rd Main Point Topic Sentence “Other Side” Conclusion Restate Thesis Roadmap Food for thought

PART 2: PLAGIARISM

CITING SOURCES. No more than 25 percent of your paper should be direct quotations. Paraphrase as much as you can. Use direct quotations when citing a statistic or original theory Use author's words if they capture a point exactly.

What’s a Citation? information about the author the title of the work the name and location of the company that published your copy of the source the date your copy was published the page numbers of the material you are borrowing

Why should I cite sources? Credit where credit is due Assists other researchers interested in your work Demonstrates the amount of work you’ve done Strengthens your work by supporting it!

Avoiding Plagiarism Plagiarism is… …using someone else’s words or ideas as though they were your own. …intentional or unintentional “borrowing” from another person’s work. ……paying someone to write a paper. …a serious offense.

Avoiding Plagiarism When in doubt, cite! Use your own voice to put a new twist on old information. Use graphic organizers to restructure your facts and ideas. Check your paraphrase against the original Did you unintentionally copy? Paraphrase by really putting ideas into your own words. go beyond changing a few words. paraphrasing unique ideas and facts requires citation. When taking notes, copy all original passages in quotation marks.

How do you paraphrase?

Paraphrasing: Change word form or part of speech ORIGINAL "American news coverage is frequently biased in favor of Western views.“ BECOMES When American journalists cover events, they often display a Western bias.

Paraphrasing: Use synonyms of "relationship words" ORIGINAL "Budget shortfalls at the state level have resulted in higher tuition costs at universities." BECOMES Higher university tuition costs are due to lack of money in the state budget. Or University tuition fees have increased because of the state's financial problems.

Paraphrasing: Use synonyms of "relationship words" ORIGINAL "Unlike many undergraduate students, college athletes have very little free time.“ BECOMES Most college students have some leisure time, but college athletes seldom do.

Paraphrasing: Use synonyms of phrases and words ORIGINAL "Job interviews put many people on edge.“ BECOMES Many applicants feel nervous about job interviews.

Paraphrasing: Change the word order ORIGINAL "Under the early admission system, students are accepted by colleges before they graduate from high school.“ BECOMES Universities accept students before their high school graduation under the early admission system.

Paraphrasing: Use reversals or negatives that do not change the meaning ORIGINAL "This unusual species is only found underwater.“ BECOMES This species is not found on land.

…but don’t overwrite ! “The biots exhibited a 100% mortality rate.” All the fish died.

What happens when your "scholarly source" is plagiarized? Production Designer

The Passage in Question… by Ann Jackman 01/01/ It is the PD’s responsibility to find the right visual and spatial elements that best convey the film’s theme and emotion. According to C.S. Tashiro in his book "Pretty Pictures: Production Design and the History of Film," the PD must have "a thorough knowledge of a film’s setting, from the basics of architectural style to the shape of a cufflink." by Tushar Unadkat May It is the PD's responsibility to find the right visual and spatial elements that best convey the film's theme and emotion. Vincent LoBrutto's book, "By Design: Interviews with Film Production Designers," the PD must have "a thorough knowledge of a film's setting, from the basics of architectural style to the shape of a cufflink."

What would you do? Who is correct?

When to use citations… Quotations: Using someone’s exact words Unique Ideas: Whenever you talk about, refer to, build on, or discuss a unique idea from someone else ImagesCopying images

Common Knowledge Vs. Unique Ideas Don’t need to cite: Ideas widely believed to be true. Folklore, stories, songs, or saying without an author but commonly known. Quotations widely known and used. Information shared by most scholars in your discipline BUT…When in doubt…CITE ANYWAY!

THANK YOU! 1 st Floor, Meyer Library (417) Michael Frizell Director of Student Learning Services Meyer Library 112 (417) For questions about… The Absent Professor Program & Prefects Group-Led Educational Experience (GLEE) Formerly: The Supplemental Instruction Program (SI) The Writing Center Diana Garland Director of the Learning Commons Meyer Library 113 (417) For questions about… Subject- Area Tutoring Math Drop-In Tables Focused Drop-In Tables Study Skills Specialists