Bacteria Infections and how it spreads, Unit 5 lesson 2-B Bacteria Infections and how it spreads,

Key Terms Contagious or communicable disease (P) Infection Local Infection General Infection Asymptomatic Carrier Virus Human Hepatitis B (HBV) Hepatitis A Hepatitis B Hepatitis C Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

Infection Contagious or communicable disease Occurs when disease-producing (pathogenic) bacteria or viruses enter the body and multiply to the point of interfering with the body’s normal state. Contagious or communicable disease Can be transmitted from person to person through touch or through the air Ahhh chooo! Bloodborne pathogens are disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through blood or body fluids Chapter 2.1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Infection Local General Small, confined area Pus-filled boil, pimple or inflamed area General All parts of the body (systemic) Circulatory system carries bacteria and toxins Chapter 2.1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Infection Common ways of spreading infection in the salon: Open sores Unclean hands and implements Coughing or sneezing Common use of drinking cups and towels Use of same implements on infected areas and noninfected areas Unsanitary salon conditions Chapter 2.1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Infection Asymptomatic Carrier Carries disease but shows NO SYMPTOMS This is why it is important to use the same infection control procedures on all clients (universal precautions) Universal Precautions Chapter 2.1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

1. Staphylococci Most common human bacteria; can be picked up on door knobs, countertops, by hand shaking, or unclean implements

Viruses Sub-microscopic particles; much smaller than bacteria Cause familiar diseases like the common cold, measles, hepatitis, HIV Sally will not be in school today because she has the measles. Dear Mrs. Jones, Sue Swanson Chapter 2.1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Viruses Human Hepatitis B (HBV) Highly infectious disease that infects the liver Vaccine-preventable disease Personal service workers are often asked to be vaccinated Unlike HIV , Hepatitis can live on a surface outside the body for long periods of time Chapter 2.1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Hepatitis A Illness lasts about 3 weeks. Symptoms similar to flu; may cause yellowing of skin and eyes in adults. Spread through close contact; poor sanitation and personal hygiene, contaminated food, milk, water, and shellfish; infected food handlers; sexual contact. A vaccine is available.

Hepatitis B (HBV) Can cause long-term hepatitis, effects the liver . There may be no symptoms or flulike symptoms. It is primarily transmitted through sexual contact or blood transfusions or when infected needles are shared. A vaccine is available.

Hepatitis C (HCV) Progresses slowly; about one-third of those with the illness show no symptoms. When symptoms exist they include fatigue and stomach pain. It is also transferable through parenteral contact and sexual activity with infected partners. No vaccine is available.

BLOODBORNE PATHOGENS Disease-causing bacteria or viruses that are carried through the body in the blood or body fluids, such as hepatitis and HIV, are called bloodborne pathogens

Viruses Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) Caused by HIV Affects the body’s natural immune system Spreads by body fluids entering blood stream of uninfected individual Chapter 2.1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

HIV passed through blood and body fluids through: a. unprotected sexual contact b. sharing of needles with infected drug users c. accidents with needles in health care facilities d. cuts and sores Could occur from sharp implements in the salon; however there are no documented reports of such transmission.

Methods that DO NOT transmit the HIV a. hand holding b. hugging c. kissing d. sharing food or household items Like telephones or toilet seats. There are no documented cases of the virus being transmitted by food handlers, insects, or casual contact.

Key Terms External Parasites Parasitic fungi Tinea Barbae Nail Fungus Parasitic mites (insects) Animal parasites Pediculosis capitis Scabies Natural Immunity Passive Immunity

External Parasites Parasitic mites (insects) Organisms that live on or obtain nutrients from another organism Parasitic fungi (molds and yeasts) Produce contagious diseases such as ringworm, honeycomb ringworm and nail fungus Produce noncontagious conditions such as dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis Parasitic mites (insects) Produce contagious diseases such as itch mites and head lice Chapter 2.1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Tinea barbae (barber’s itch) can be caused from unclean clippers. Nail fungus can be spread by unclean implements or not preparing the nail plate before applying enhancement products.

External Parasites Head Lice /Pediculosis Capitis Transmitted directly from one person to another or by contact with articles that have come in contact with an infested person Accompanied by head scratching, redness or small bite marks on the scalp Controlled by pediculicide shampoo Chapter 2.1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Animal parasites Responsible for contagious diseases. A parasite carried by mosquito causes malaria. Insects that carry diseases from one person to another are known as. disease vectors. The itch mite burrows under skin Scabies is another contagious skin disease caused by the itch mite  

External Parasites Professionals prevent the spread of contagions (fungi, bacteria and mites) through proper disinfection procedures Chapter 2.1 Salon Ecology Microbiology

Immunity Ability of the body to destroy infectious agents that enter the body Natural Immunity Passive Immunity Partially inherited Natural resistance to disease Production of white blood cells and antitoxins by body Skin is first line of defense Acquired immunity Injection of antigens stimulates the body’s immune response Chapter 2.1 Salon Ecology Microbiology