Jessica Turner, USAPH Region North, LT Kirk Mundal USN, LCDR Craig Stoops USN, Melissa Miller USAPH Region-North,

VECTOR-BORNE DISEASE SURVEILLANCE KIT  Kit based presentation Detailed instructions Collection materials Pre-printed return envelope PHR-N

UPON RECEIPT BY USAPHR-North  Blood prepared and tested for appropriate organism based on animal species ○ PCR  Ticks, fleas, etc. Identified Prepared and tested for appropriate organism ○ PCR  Test results provided to submitter and other appropriate recipients.

ANIMALS SAMPLED Bagram, AFKandahar, AFRamadi, IQBagdad, IQ Dogs Cats Foxes01101 Jackals52561 Coyotes13000 Jungle Cats0113 Hedgehogs0201 Mouse0100 Cow1000 Sheep1000 Goats3000 TOTAL

Ectoparasites Identified Kandahar, AFBagram, AFRamadi, IQBagdad, IQ Xenopsylla astia 3600 Ctenocephalides canis 6909 Ctenocephalides felis 3000 Pulex irritans Synosternus pallidus 0030 Rhipicephalus turanicus R. sanguineus Hyalomma anatolicum Ixodes rubicundus 0060

Analysis Performed PathogenTest Type AnaplasmaReal-time PCR BabesiaConventional PCR BorreliaReal-time PCR EhrlichiaReal-time PCR RickettsiaReal-time PCR

Results of Analysis Kandahar, AFBagram, AF Babesia # POSITIVE/# tested % POSITIVE CAT R. turanicus3 /19 16%3 /6 50% Whole Blood13 /187 7%3 /60 5% JACKAL R. turanicus1/12 8%0/4 Whole Blood3/25 12%0/5 DOG R. turanicusnone1/14 7% Whole Blood2/24 8%0/16

Results of Analysis cont. Kandahar, AFBagram, AF Babesia # POSITIVE/# tested %POSITIVE HEDGEHOG R. turanicus2/10 20%none C. canis1/1 100%none Whole Bloodnone

Results of Analysis cont. Ramadi, IQ Baghdad, IQ Babesia # POSITIVE/# tested % POSITIVE CAT R. turanicus1/26 4%0/3 JACKAL R. turanicus1/12 8%2/8 25%

Kandahar, AF 2008

CONCLUSIONS  Babesia species circulating in the animal and ectoparasite populations  Vector-borne diseases information can be gained with this type of surveillance

FUTURE  Conclude analysis of 2009 Iraq samples  Receive samples from Iraq and Afghanistan in 2010 Several cooperators have requested supplies  Refine capability to employ serological analysis on blood samples  Update analysis platform to allow concise results for multiple pathogens in one test run

FUTURE cont.  Apply epidemiological information to the data  Receive samples from livestock Can analyze for other potential pathogens of importance

THANK YOU By Cpl. Matthew K. Hacker from USA War Dogs